Research Publications

Publications by Genetic Engineering and Society Center affiliated faculty and students. Use the search function to find papers by keyword, author, year, etc..

Affiliated Faculty: Please submit recent publications to have them added to this list.

2012—Present

Article Title	Affiliate(s)	Year	Full Citation	Keywords	Abstract	Significance	Article (h4 with link)
Exercise Caution: Tidal Floods May Contain Pollutants	Khara Grieger	2023	Nelson, N., Harris, A., Anarde, K., Hino, M., Grieger, K. 2023. Exercise Caution: Tidal Floods May Contain Pollutants. North Carolina Sea Grant. Available: https://ncseagrant.ncsu.edu/quick-links/tidalfloods/	Tidal floods, safety, risk, public health	Coastal communities in North Carolina and other states are increasingly dealing with tidal floods. “Tidal floods” refers to the overflowing of saltwater from the ocean and other marine water bodies (sounds, estuaries) onto land. During these events, tidal floodwaters can become contaminated with various biological and chemical substances. For these reasons, it is recommended to minimize or avoid contact with floodwater to protect our health and the health of our communities. A multidisciplinary team is trying to better understand the water quality of tidal floodwaters, and ways in which we can protect our health. While the research is ongoing, this fact sheet may be helpful for government officials, researchers, advisory boards, local extension agents, and community outreach teams to better understand the potential health impacts of tidal floodwaters on coastal communities. Specific topics covered in this fact sheet include: ● What is tidal flooding? ● What do we know about the water quality of tidal floods? ● What should I do if I encounter tidal floodwaters? ● Can we predict when tidal flooding may occur? ● How can I learn more about tidal flooding?	Currently, we know very little about the water quality of tidal floods. Water quality refers to a range of chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water (USGS 2019). Floodwaters may have poor water quality, as various biological and chemical contaminants may be introduced into the floodwaters from different sources, including yards, urban areas, or wastewater systems (e.g., sewage or septic). Biological contaminants can include bacterial, viral, or protozoan pathogens (e.g., E. coli, Vibrio), and chemical contaminants may include heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury), pesticides, and industrial chemicals. While there have been very few published studies that have measured the water quality of tidal floods, it is important to consider the potential impact of water quality on public health in flooded areas. This is because people may walk or bicycle through tidal floodwaters and therefore come into contact with the floodwaters. If the water has poor quality, it may pose a health risk. Even after tidal floodwaters recede, contaminants can remain in the soil of yards, green areas (e.g., playgrounds), or in surrounding wetlands for months (CDC 2021a). More research is needed to better understand the water quality and public health impacts of tidal floods.	<h4><a href="https://ncseagrant.ncsu.edu/quick-links/tidalfloods/" target="_blank">Exercise Caution: Tidal Floods May Contain Pollutants</a></h4>
Seizing the policy moment in crop biotech regulation: an interdisciplinary response to the Executive Order on biotechnology	Furgurson, Loschin, Butoto, Abugu, Gillespie, Brown, Ferraro, Speicher, Stokes, Budnick, Geist, Alirigia, Andrews and Mainello	2023	Furgurson, J., Loschin, N., Butoto, E., Abugu, M., Gillespie, C. J., Brown, R., Ferraro, G., Speicher, N., Stokes, R., Budnick, A., Geist, K., Alirigia, R., Andrews, A., & Mainello, A. (2023). Seizing the policy moment in crop biotech regulation: An interdisciplinary response to the Executive Order on biotechnology. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1241537. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1241537. PDF.	Genetic engineering, Coordinated framework, GMO, Public engagement, Policy	The Biden Administration's Executive Order on Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing has opened a policy window for revising the regulatory framework for agricultural biotechnology products. While genetically engineered crops can be controversial, the Executive Order provides limited guidance on their development. The US regulatory system for crop biotechnology has been complex and controversial since its inception. Current regulations lack the transparency and public deliberation necessary to reflect wider societal views. Various policy actors have different narratives about biotechnology governance, emphasizing either the product or the process. The article, written by interdisciplinary scholars from the Genetic Engineering and Society Center at North Carolina State University, highlights the historical challenges of the US regulatory system in adapting to new genetic engineering technologies.	This article critically examines the Biden Administration's Executive Order on Biotechnology and its implications for the regulatory landscape of agricultural biotechnology products. By highlighting historical challenges and the current gaps in the US regulatory system, the authors underscore the urgent need for enhanced transparency and public engagement. Their proposed solutions, including the creation of a shared database ecosystem and reforming public engagement practices, offer a roadmap for building public trust and ensuring responsible biotechnology research and development.	<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1241537" target="_blank">Seizing the policy moment in crop biotech regulation: an interdisciplinary response to the Executive Order on biotechnology</a></h4>
Regulations for the Bioeconomy	Christopher Gillespie	2023	Gillespie, C. J. (2023). Regulations for the Bioeconomy. Issues in Science and Technology 39, no 4 (Summer 2023) Forum. Retrieved from https://issues.org/maxon-regulating-bioeconomy-forum/#christopher-j-gillespie	Biotechnology Governance, Regulatory Structure, Bioeconomy, Coordination	In this opinion letter, Christopher J. Gillespie responds to Mary E. Maxon's call to action regarding the need for updated biotechnology governance. Gillespie emphasizes the importance of aligning regulations with the evolving context of the bioeconomy. He concurs with Maxon's proposal for the establishment of the Initiative Coordination Office within the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. However, he stresses that coordination should be central to the regulatory framework rather than a mere accessory. Gillespie highlights the challenges faced by individual regulatory bodies, such as the EPA, USDA, and FDA, in sharing regulatory space. He underscores the necessity of incorporating public input into the regulatory process, emphasizing the diverse perceptions of risk and safety among communities. Gillespie also references a 2012 report by the Administrative Conference of the United States, which discusses the challenges of shared regulatory space. He concludes by emphasizing the need for deliberate policy action to foster a regulatory ecosystem that promotes the bioeconomy while ensuring public trust.	AgBioFEWS Fellow Christopher Gillespie's response to Mary E. Maxon's article underscores the pressing need for a revamped regulatory framework in the U.S. bioeconomy. His emphasis on the central role of coordination, the importance of public input in defining risk and safety, and the challenges of shared regulatory space highlight the complexities of governing emerging biotechnologies and their broader implications for the nation's future.	<h4><a href="https://issues.org/maxon-regulating-bioeconomy-forum/#christopher-j-gillespie" target="_blank">Regulations for the Bioeconomy</a></h4>
Using a Phosphorus Flow Diagram as a Boundary Object to Inform Stakeholder Engagement	Ashton Merck, Khara Grieger	2023	Merck, A.W., Grieger, K.D., Deviney, A., Marshall, A.-M. Using a Phosphorus Flow Diagram as a Boundary Object to Inform Stakeholder Engagement. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11496. doi: 10.3390/su151511496	Stakeholder engagement, Phosphorus, Sustainability,Bboundary object	Phosphorus (P) is essential for life on Earth, yet its current management is unsustainable. Stakeholder engagement is urgently needed to help ensure that scientific and technical solutions to improve P sustainability meet the needs of diverse groups, yet there are comparatively few studies that provide insights into stakeholder views, perceptions, or concerns. In this opinion, we use a mass flow diagram of P as a boundary object to understand the complex challenges of sustainable P management. In particular, we map US stakeholder groups onto the mass flow diagram to incorporate human factors into mass flows at a national scale. Our approach is grounded in well-established social–scientific methodologies, such as stakeholder mapping and social network analysis, but is applied in a novel way that can be generalized to other mass flows and geographic areas. We then suggest ways that researchers can use the annotated flow diagram to identify both knowledge gaps and research gaps in stakeholder engagement, especially in interdisciplinary or convergence research contexts.	In this opinion, we used the P flow diagram as a boundary object to identify and organize potential US stakeholders in P sustainability, grounded in existing knowledge from literature on stakeholder engagement in P sustainability. The process outlined here reflects existing best practices in stakeholder research to define stakeholders as those who can influence, as well as those who are influenced by, decisions about the environment, subject to pragmatic constraints on participation. Furthermore, the approach proposed here responds to calls by other researchers to employ inclusive practices to involve previously overlooked stakeholders rather than relying on the “usual suspects” already known to decision makers and researchers.	<h4><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11496" target="_blank">Using a Phosphorus Flow Diagram as a Boundary Object to Inform Stakeholder Engagement</a></h4>
Identifying sustainability assessment parameters for genetically engineered agrifoods	Wei Wei, Khara Grieger, Christopher L. Cummings, Nick Loschin, Jennifer Kuzma	2023	Wei, W., Grieger, K., Cummings, C. L., Loschin, N., & Kuzma, J. (2023) Identifying sustainability assessment parameters for genetically engineered agrifoods. Plants, People, Planet. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10411PDF	Agriculture, Benefits, Genetic engineering, Risks, Sustainability	To achieve international sustainable development goals, food and agricultural production need to rely on sustainable and resilient practices. Traditional breeding as well as the use of new agricultural technologies, including genetic engineering and gene editing, have the potential to help achieve sustainable agrifood production. Although numerous oversight mechanisms exist to guarantee the secure and sustainable advancement and utilization of genetically engineered agrifoods, the majority of these mechanisms heavily depend on a narrow set of parameters to assess risks and safety concerning human health and nontarget organisms. However, a more comprehensive range of parameters should be considered to promote environmental and social sustainability in a more holistic manner. This Opinion article argues that to achieve a more sustainable agrifood production that relies on genetic engineering, governance systems related to new agrifood biotechnologies should incorporate a broader array of environmental, health, ethical, and societal factors to ensure their sustainability in the long-term. To facilitate this process, we propose a set of parameters to help evaluate the sustainability of agrifoods that rely on genetic engineering. We then discuss major challenges and opportunities for formalizing sustainability parameters in US governance policy and decision-making systems. Overall, this work contributes to further developing a more comprehensive assessment framework that aims to minimize potential risks and maximize potential benefits of agrifood biotechnology while also fostering sustainability.	This Opinion article argues that to achieve a more sustainable agrifood production that relies on genetic engineering, governance systems related to new agrifood biotechnologies should incorporate a broader array of environmental, health, ethical, and societal factors to ensure their sustainability in the long-term. To facilitate this process, we propose a set of parameters to help evaluate the sustainability of agrifoods that rely on genetic engineering. We then discuss major challenges and opportunities for formalizing sustainability parameters in US governance policy and decision-making systems. Overall, this work contributes to further developing a more comprehensive assessment framework that aims to minimize potential risks and maximize potential benefits of agrifood biotechnology while also fostering sustainability.	<h4><a href="https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.10411" target="_blank">Identifying sustainability assessment parameters for genetically engineered agrifoods</a></h4>
Synthetic biology and governance research in China: a 40-year evolution	Jennifer Kuzma	2023	Tang L, Kuzma J, Zhang X, Song X, Li Y, Liu H, and Hu G. Synthetic biology and governance research in China: a 40-year evolution. Scientometrics (2023): 1-18. DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04789-0	Synthetic biology, Biosafety, Biosecurity, Structural topic model, Governance of emerging technologies	The governance of emerging technologies has become a topic of global concern, not only for national competitiveness, but also for national security. Among other technologies, synthetic biology (SynBio) has been prioritized in the policy agenda of many countries; China is no exception. Unfortunately, despite the interconnectedness of governance practices and research development, few studies have investigated the current situation and development trajectory of this emerging dual use technology. To fill in this gap, this study focuses on China and investigates the pattern and evolution of its SynBio and related biosafety and biosecurity research published in both domestic and international databases. We find that despite its late entrance to the field, national government funding plays a critical role in China’s SynBio research. However, the funding ratio of SynBio as well as SynBio safety research is lower than China’s average when considering all fields. The structural topic model analysis reveals that the biological sciences dominate China’s SynBio research and slowly diffuse to other disciplines such as materials science, physics, and medicine, while perspectives from Chinese social scientists are barely recorded on the international academic stage. We also find little overlap of topics between China’s domestic and international output on SynBio and its safety research. Speculations and policy implications are discussed in the end.	This article study delves into China's 40-year trajectory in synthetic biology (SynBio) research and governance. Despite a late start, China has become a global leader in SynBio, largely driven by national funding. However, the paper highlights a disparity in thematic focus between domestic and international outputs and a notable lack of social science perspectives in domestic research, underscoring the need for comprehensive governance that integrates diverse interdisciplinary insights for this emerging dual-use technology.	<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-023-04789-0" target="_blank">Synthetic biology and governance research in China: a 40-year evolution</a></h4>
Multiplex CRISPR editing of wood for sustainable fiber production	Heike Sederoff, Rodolphe Barangou, Jack Wang	2023	Sulis, D. B., Jiang, X., Yang, C., Marques, B. M., Matthews, M. L., Miller, Z., Lan, K., Cofre-Vega, C., Liu, B., Sun, R., Sederoff, H., ... Wang, J. P. (2023). Multiplex CRISPR editing of wood for sustainable fiber production. Science. https://doi.org/add4514	CRISPR, Forestry, Multigenic gene-editing, Sustainability, Bioeconomy	The domestication of forest trees for a more sustainable fiber bioeconomy has long been hindered by the complexity and plasticity of lignin, a biopolymer in wood that is recalcitrant to chemical and enzymatic degradation. Here, we show that multiplex CRISPR editing enables precise woody feedstock design for combinatorial improvement of lignin composition and wood properties. By assessing every possible combination of 69,123 multigenic editing strategies for 21 lignin biosynthesis genes, we deduced seven different genome editing strategies targeting the concurrent alteration of up to six genes and produced 174 edited poplar variants. CRISPR editing increased the wood carbohydrate-to-lignin ratio up to 228% that of wild type, leading to more-efficient fiber pulping. The edited wood alleviates a major fiber-production bottleneck regardless of changes in tree growth rate and could bring unprecedented operational efficiencies, bioeconomic opportunities, and environmental benefits.	{Editor's Summary] Trees provide an important natural resource, but breeding for optimal wood properties is time consuming and hindered by the complexity of tree genetics and diversity. Sulis et al. show that CRISPR technologies can be readily deployed to enhance wood properties and augment the sustainability of forest trees (see the Perspective by Zuin Zeidler). The authors generated multiplexed genetic alterations modifying wood composition in poplar with more desirable traits for fiber pulping and lower carbon emissions. This work demonstrates that genome editing can be harnessed for breeding more efficient trees, which will provide timely opportunities for sustainable forestry and a more efficient bioeconomy. —DJ	<h4><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add4514" target="_blank">Multiplex CRISPR editing of wood for sustainable fiber production</a></h4>
Views of RNAi approaches for weed management in turfgrass systems	Sandy Ethridge, Khara Grieger, Ramon Leon	2023	Ethridge, S., Grieger, K., Locke, A., Everman, W., Jordan, D., & Leon, R. (2023). Views of RNAi approaches for weed management in turfgrass systems. Weed Science, 1-33. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2023.37	Biotechnology, Perceptions, Acceptance, Turfgrass	Public concern regarding the use of herbicides in urban areas (e.g., golf courses, parks, lawns) is increasing. Thus, there is a need for alternative methods for weed control that are safe for the public, effective against weeds, and yet selective to turfgrass and other desirable species. New molecular tools such as RNAi have a potential to meet all those requirements, but before these technologies can be implemented, it is critical to understand the perceptions of key stakeholders to facilitate adoption as well as regulatory processes. With this in mind, turfgrass system managers, such as golf course superintendents and lawn care providers, were surveyed to gain insight to the perception and potential adoption of RNAi technology for weed management. Based on survey results, turfgrass managers believe that cost of weed management and time spent managing weeds are the main challenges faced in their fields. When considering new weed management tools, survey respondents were most concerned about cost, efficacy, and efficiency of a new product. Survey respondents were also optimistic toward RNAi for weed management and would either use this technology in their own fields or be willing to conduct research to develop RNAi herbicides. Although respondents believed that the general public would have some concerns about this technology, they did not believe this to be the most important factor for them when choosing new weed management tools. The need for new herbicides to balance weed control challenges and public demands is a central factor for turfgrass managers’ willingness to use RNAi-based weed control in turfgrass systems. They believe their clientele will be accepting of RNAi tools, although further research is needed to investigate how a wider range of stakeholders perceive RNAi tools for turfgrass management more broadly.	The need for new herbicides to balance weed control challenges and public demands is a central factor for turfgrass managers’ willingness to use RNAi-based weed control in turfgrass systems. They believe their clientele will be accepting of RNAi tools, although further research is needed to investigate how a wider range of stakeholders perceive RNAi tools for turfgrass management more broadly.	<h4><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/weed-science/article/abs/views-of-rnai-approaches-for-weed-management-in-turfgrass-systems/1210B2C92ADC17F5371BCDFB2BDDEA1B" target="_blank"></a></h4>
Assessing agricultural gene editing regulation in Latin America: an analysis of how policy windows and policy entrepreneurs shape agricultural gene editing regulatory regimes	Sebastian Zarate, Ilaria Cimadori, Michael S. Jones, Maria Mercedes Roca, S. Kathleen Barnhill	2023	Zarate, S., Cimadori, I., Jones, M. S., Roca, M. M., & Barnhill, S.K. (2023). Assessing agricultural gene editing regulation in Latin America: An analysis of how policy windows and policy entrepreneurs shape agricultural gene editing regulatory regimes. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1209308. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1209308. PDF. Graphic	Gene-editing, Latin America, Policy,Rregulation, Agricultural biotechnology	This article explores the new developments and challenges of agricultural Gene Editing (GED) regulation in primarily nine countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Region: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru. As Gene Editing technology develops, Latin America and the Caribbean regulatory regimes struggle to keep pace. Developers and regulators face challenges such as consumer perceptions, intellectual property, R&D funding (private and public), training, environmental and social impact, and access to domestic and international markets. Some Latin America and the Caribbean countries (e.g., Argentina) interpret existing legislation to promulgate regulations for biotechnology and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), while others (e.g., Brazil and Honduras) have specific legislation for Genetically Modified Organisms. In both those cases, often a case-by-case approach is chosen to determine whether a Gene Editing organism is subject to Genetically Modified Organisms regulations or not. Other countries such as Peru have opted to ban the technology due to its perceived resemblance to transgenic Genetically Modified Organisms. After presenting the regulatory landscape for agricultural Gene Editing in Latin America and the Caribbean, this article addresses some of the differences and similarities across the region. Some countries have had more foresight and have dedicated resources to increase capacity and develop regulations (e.g., Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico before 2018) while others struggle with bureaucratic limitations and partisanship of policymaking (e.g., Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Mexico after 2018). We propose that the differences and similarities between these regulatory regimes have emerged in part as a result of policy entrepreneurs (influential individuals actively involved in policy making) taking advantage of policy windows (opportunities for shaping policy and regulation). The third and remaining sections of this study discuss our main findings. Based on 41 semi structured interviews with regulators, scientists, product developers, NGOs and activists, we arrived at three main findings. First, there seems to be a consensus among most regulators interviewed that having harmonized regimes is a positive step to facilitate product development and deployment, leading to commercialization. Second, reducing bureaucracy (e.g., paper work) and increasing flexibility in regulation go hand in hand to expedite the acquisition of key lab materials required by developers in countries with less robust regimes such as Peru and Bolivia. Finally, developing public and private partnerships, fostering transparency, and increasing the involvement of marginalized groups may increase the legitimacy of Gene Editing regulation.	This is perhaps the first comparative analysis of gene editing regulation and policy in Latin America.	<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1209308/full" target="_blank">Assessing agricultural gene editing regulation in Latin America: an analysis of how policy windows and policy entrepreneurs shape agricultural gene editing regulatory regimes</a></h4>
Boundary-Pushing Citizen Engagement	Dalton George, Jason Delborne	2023	George D. and Delborne J. “Boundary-Pushing Citizen Engagement.” Issues in Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (Spring 2023). Retrieved from https://issues.org/citizen-engagement-pta-farooque-kessler-forum/. PDF	Stakeholder engagement, NASA, Citizen deliberations	A discussion of “How Would You Defend the Planet from Asteroids?” (Issues, Winter 2023), by Mahmud Farooque and Jason L. Kessler, where they reflect on the Asteroid Grand Challenge (AGC), a series of public deliberation exercises organized by members of the Expert & Citizen Assessment of Science and Technology (ECAST) network and NASA in 2014.	Should we continue to pursue experimental engagement from the outside or work to concentrate capacity for engagement within federal agencies? While this “outside” vs. “inside” debate remains perennial for pursuing political change, we suggest that the two strategies must work hand-in-hand.	<h4><a href="https://issues.org/citizen-engagement-pta-farooque-kessler-forum/" target="_blank">Boundary-Pushing Citizen Engagement</a></h4>
What are Stakeholder Views and Needs for Achieving Phosphorus Sustainability?	Khara Grieger, Ashton Merck	2023	Grieger, K., Merck, A., Deviney, A. et al. What are stakeholder views and needs for achieving phosphorus sustainability?. Environ Syst Decis (2023). DOI: 10.1007/s10669-023-09917-y. PDF	Sustainability, Stakeholders, Phosphorus	Our society depends on the effective management of phosphorus (P). Phosphorus is a key component of agricultural fertilizers to improve crop yields, and also plays a critical role in many industrial processes and consumer products. In the past decade, there have been numerous calls for innovative approaches to manage P more sustainably, as it is a nonrenewable resource that can adversely impact aquatic ecosystems from runoff and inefficiencies in P use. To develop more sustainable solutions that will ultimately be adopted, diverse stakeholder perspectives must be recognized, including those in industry, government, academia, non-governmental organizations, and other civil groups. This study responds to this need by identifying stakeholder views, needs, concerns, and challenges regarding P sustainability. An online survey was developed and deployed to individuals identified as P sustainability experts and professionals in the U.S. and abroad. Based on responses from 96 stakeholder participants from a range of sectors, areas of expertise, and geographies, we found that the vast majority of stakeholders considered current P use to be unsustainable and were very concerned about the ability to manage P sustainably. Stakeholder participants did not distinguish between urgent and long-term challenges, and perceived financial and regulatory issues to be of greatest importance. Stakeholder participants expressed a range of needs to improve P management systems, including improved management practices, new technologies, enhanced regulations, and better approaches for engagement. Outcomes from this work can help inform future research, engagement, and policy priorities to ensure sustainable P management solutions based on stakeholder-identified perspectives and needs.	Overall, results from this study may help inform future research, engagement, and policy priorities to ensure sustainable P management solutions based on stakeholder-identified perspectives and needs.	<h4><a href="https://rdcu.be/ddlwg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What are Stakeholder Views and Needs for Achieving Phosphorus Sustainability?</a></h4>
Identifying public trust building priorities of gene editing in agriculture and food	Christopher L. Cummings	2023	Cummings, C., Selfa, T., Lindberg, S. et al. Identifying public trust building priorities of gene editing in agriculture and food. Agric Hum Values (2023). doi: 10.1007/s10460-023-10465-z. PDF* (requires Unity ID login)	Gene-edited Foods, Trust, Trust building, CRISPR	Gene editing in agriculture and food (GEAF) is a nascent development with few products and is unfamiliar among the wider US public. GEAF has garnered significant praise for its potential to solve for a variety of agronomic problems but has also evoked controversy regarding safety and ethical standards of development and application. Given the wake of other agribiotechnology debates including GMOs (genetically modified organisms), this study made use of 36 in-depth key interviews to build the first U.S. based typology of proponent and critic priorities for shaping public trust in GEAF actors and objects. Key organizational actors provide early and foundational messaging, which is likely to contribute heavily to public salience, comprehension, and decision-making as potential consumers reflect upon their experiences, envision future outcomes, and consider the reputation of those trying to influence them. As is documented in our results, the trust-building priorities of these groups often stand in opposition to one another and are influenced by distinct motivations for how the public will come to trust or distrust GEAF actors and objects as more products are developed and enter the market.	Key organizational actors provide early and foundational messaging, which is likely to contribute heavily to public salience, comprehension, and decision-making as potential consumers reflect upon their experiences, envision future outcomes, and consider the reputation of those trying to influence them. As is documented in our results, the trust-building priorities of these groups often stand in opposition to one another and are influenced by distinct motivations for how the public will come to trust or distrust GEAF actors and objects as more products are developed and enter the market.	<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-023-10465-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Identifying public trust building priorities of gene editing in agriculture and food</a></h4>
Ensuring the environmental sustainability of emerging technologies -3. Guidance to distinct actors	Jennifer Kuzma	2023	Sachs, R; Kuzma, J.; Trier, X.; International Risk Governance Center (IRGC) (2022) Ensuring the environmental sustainability of emerging technologies. Florin, Marie-Valentine (Ed). DOI: 10.5075/epfl-irgc-302431. PDF	Risk Governance, Environmental Sustainability, Sustainability Compass, Guidance, IRGC	To support economic development, governments and industries in major countries are committing to massive new technological investments before, or perhaps without, undertaking a comprehensive assessment of their environmental impacts. Existing policy frameworks concerning some emerging technology applications do not provide sufficient clarity for how these technologies will be regulated, especially if the risk of environmental harm is not proven and impacts are indirect or manifest in the longer term. For example, this is the case of the transition to a digital economy that requires building massive data centres; innovation in advanced materials such as semiconductors or smart materials 1 expected to offer major improvements in a wide variety of domains; or the transition to all-electric vehicles. Do we know the full extent of consequences on the environment?	Guidance to distinct stakeholder groups who can contribute to either creating or mitigating threats that the development and deployment of emerging technologies could pose to long-term environmental sustainability.	<h4><a href="https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/302431" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ensuring the environmental sustainability of emerging technologies -3. Guidance to distinct actors</a></h4>
Pandemics and resilience: Lessons we should have learned from zika	David Berube	2023	Berube, D. M. (2023). Pandemics and resilience: Lessons we should have learned from zika (Ser. Risk, Systems and Decisions). Springer Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-25370-6	Public Health, Environmental Health, Pandemics, Zika, Zoonotic Diseases	The aim of the book was to produce the most comprehensive examination of a pandemic that has ever been attempted. By cataloging the full extent of the Zika pandemic, this book will be the most complete history and epistemic contextualization ever attempted to date. The work should function as the primary source for students, researchers, and scholars who need information about the Zika pandemic.This book examines the technical literature, digital and popular literature, and online materials to fully contextualize this event and provide a bona fide record of this event and its implications for the future. It is somewhat serendipitous that while this work was underway, we are going through another pandemic. One of the primary lessons we did not learn by Zika was pandemic events will return repeatedly, and we need to learn from each one of them to prepare the planet for the next one. Just because Zika seemed to have died out does not make it less important. We were lucky that the virus evolved into what seemed to be a less virulent version of itself, and the vector mosquitoes were concentrated elsewhere. Finally, this book represents a tour de force in scholarship involving nearly 4,000 sources of information and does not shy from a detailed examination of the controversies, conspiracies, and long-term consequences when we avoid learning from outbreaks, such as Zika.	Builds guidance for pandemic management to upgrade responses to infectious diseasesPresents the most complete history and epistemic contextualization ever attempted to dateRepresents a tour de force in scholarship involving nearly 4,000 sources of information	<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25370-6" target="_Blank" rel="noopener">Pandemics and resilience: Lessons we should have learned from zika</a></h4>
Public Inclusion and Responsiveness in Governance of Genetically Engineered Animals	Jennifer Kuzma, Teshanee Williams	2023	Kuzma, J., Williams, T.T. (2023). Public Inclusion and Responsiveness in Governance of Genetically Engineered Animals. In: Gattinger, M. (eds) Democratizing Risk Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24271-7_8. PDF	Risk Management, Genetically Engineered Foods, Genetically Modified Foods, AquAdvantage Salmon, Responsible Innovation, Genetically Engineered Salmon, Genetically Modified Salmon, Regulation, Public Participation, Inclusion, Responsiveness, Governance, Oversight, Risk Analysis, Public Policy, Transparency, Decision-Making, Public Engagement, Cultural Theory	Genetically engineered (GE) animal-based foods have entered the Canadian market in recent years, yet a significant proportion of the public is reticent to consume them. Responsible innovation has been suggested as a paradigm for bolstering democratic processes and aligning societal values with technology research and development. In this chapter, we examine regulatory decision-making for the first GE animal approved for food consumption in Canada, the AquAdvantage Salmon (AAS), according to two principles of responsible innovation (RI)â€”inclusion and responsiveness. First, we look at the regulatory approval process for AAS to examine when there were opportunities for public and stakeholder participation in decision-making (inclusion). Second, we report on our studies using textual analysis of one public participation windowâ€”a series of Parliamentary hearings associated with GE animal oversight in Canada in 2016. Here, we examine whether decision-makers incorporated the diverse stakeholder perspectives and concerns voiced at the hearings into their final reports (responsiveness). Finally, we identify barriers to putting inclusion and responsiveness into practice in risk governance of GEOs and discuss ways to overcome these barriers to facilitate responsible innovation practices in oversight systems for emerging technologies.	Genetically engineered animals have entered the Canadian market, yet a significant proportion of the public is reticent to consume them. This chapter examines regulatory decision-making for the first GE animal approved for food consumption in Canada according to two principles of responsible innovation - inclusion and responsiveness.	<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-24271-7_8" target=_blank">Public Inclusion and Responsiveness in Governance of Genetically Engineered Animals</a></h4>
Motivated Reasoning and Risk Governance: What Risk Scholars and Practitioners Need to Know	Jennifer Kuzma	2023	Beck, M., ...Kuzma, J. et al. (2023). Motivated Reasoning and Risk Governance: What Risk Scholars and Practitioners Need to Know. In: Gattinger, M. (eds) Democratizing Risk Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. 10.1007/978-3-031-24271-7_2. PDF	Motivated Reasoning, Bias, Risk Governance, Risk Perception, Cultural Cognition, Motivated Skepticism, Identity Protection, Bayesian Updating, Rationality, Evidence-Based Decision-Making, Framing, Information Processing, Strong Objectivity, Polarization, Conflict, Information Processing, Affect, System 1 Vs. System 2 Thinking, Accuracy, Biased Assimilation, John Q. Public Model Of Motivated Reasoning, Democratization, Values, Motivated Skepticism	Empirical research in psychology and political science shows that individuals collect, process, and interpret information in a goal-driven fashion. Several theorists have argued that rather than striving for accuracy in their conclusions, individuals are motivated to arrive at conclusions that align with their previous beliefs, values, or identity commitments. The literature refers to this phenomenon broadly as â€˜motivated reasoningâ€™. In the context of risk governance, motivated reasoning can help to explain why people vary in their risk perceptions, evaluations, and preferences about risk management. But our current understanding of the phenomenon is incomplete, including the degree to which motivated reasoning should be considered rational and reasonable. Further, the research on motivated reasoning is largely unknown among risk practitioners. This chapter identifies key theoretical models of motivated reasoning, discusses the conceptual differences between them, and explores the implications of motivated reasoning for risk governance. Motivated reasoning is often labeled as â€˜irrationalâ€™ and thus seen to prevent effective decision-making about risk, but this chapter challenges this assessment. The chapter concludes by identifying theoretical and empirical implications for researchers studying motivated reasoning and risk, as well as practical implications for policymakers and regulators involved in risk governance.	Research shows that individuals collect, process, and interpret information in a goal-driven fashion. This chapter discusses key theoretical models of motivated reasoning, explores the implications of motivated reasoning for risk governance, and identifies practical implications for policymakers and regulators involved in risk governance.	<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24271-7_2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Motivated Reasoning and Risk Governance: What Risk Scholars and Practitioners Need to Know</a></h4>
Phytoextraction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by weeds: Effect of PFAS physicochemical properties and plant physiological traits.	Khara Grieger	2023	He, Q.,... Grieger, K. et al. (2023). Phytoextraction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Weeds: Effect of Pfas Physicochemical Properties and Plant Physiological Traits. Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 454, 28 Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131492. PDF	PFAS, Phytoextraction, Environmental Remediation, Emerging Contaminants	Phytoextraction is a promising technology that uses plants to remediate contaminated soil. However, its feasibility for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the impact of PFAS properties and plant traits on phytoextraction efficacy remains unknown. In this study, we conducted greenhouse experiment and evaluated the potential of weeds for phytoextraction of PFAS from soil and assessed the effects of PFAS properties and plant traits on PFAS uptake via systematic correlation analyses and electron probe microanalyzer with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FE-EPMA-EDS) imaging. The results showed that 1) phytoextraction can remove 0.04%âˆ’ 41.4%wt of PFAS from soil, with extracted PFAS primarily stored in plant shoots; 2) Weeds preferentially extracted short-chain PFAS over long-chain homologues from soil. 3) PFAS molecular size and hydrophilicity determined plant uptake behavior, while plant morphological traits, particularly root protein and lipid content, influenced PFAS accumulation and translocation. Although plants with thin roots and small leaf areas exhibited greater PFAS uptake and storage ability, the impact of PFAS physicochemical properties was more significant. 4) Finally, short-chain PFAS were transported quickly upwards in the plant, while uptake of long-chain PFOS was restricted.	Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is an emerging issue of concern. PFAS are a large group of chemicals that have been manufactured by people for several decades, and are now considered among the most important contaminants to address in our society. This study investigates the role of plants, specifically weeds, to uptake PFAS as a way to remove PFAS in contaminated soils. Our study explored the rates of PFAS uptake by weeds and also investigated the rate of uptake based on different types of PFAS. It sheds light on the use of phytoremediation to remove PFAS in contaminated soils.	<h4><a href="" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Phytoextraction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by weeds: Effect of PFAS physicochemical properties and plant physiological traits.</a></h4>
Population genetic structure of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, in southern Mexico	Jennifer Baltzegar, Michael S. Jones, Fred Gould	2023	Baltzegar, J., Jones, M. S., Willcox, M., Ramsey, J. M., & Gould, F. (2023). Population genetic structure of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, in southern Mexico. PLOS ONE, 18(4), e0264469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264469. PDF	Weevils, Maize, Population genetics, Cereal crops, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, Mexico, Genetics, Gene flow	The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is a ubiquitous pest of maize and other cereal crops worldwide and remains a threat to food security in subsistence communities. Few population genetic studies have been conducted on the maize weevil, but those that exist have shown that there is very little genetic differentiation between geographically dispersed populations and that it is likely the species has experienced a recent range expansion within the last few hundred years. While the previous studies found little genetic structure, they relied primarily on mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite markers for their analyses. It is possible that more fine-scaled population genetic structure exists due to local adaptation, the biological limits of natural species dispersal, and the isolated nature of subsistence farming communities. In contrast to previous studies, here, we utilized genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data to evaluate the genetic population structure of the maize weevil from the southern and coastal Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas. We employed strict SNP filtering to manage large next generation sequencing lane effects and this study is the first to find fine-scale genetic population structure in the maize weevil. Here, we show that although there continues to be gene flow between populations of maize weevil, that fine-scale genetic structure exists. It is possible that this structure is shaped by local adaptation of the insects, the movement and trade of maize by humans in the region, geographic barriers to gene flow, or a combination of these factors.	This work was supported by the National Science Foundation – IGERT 1068676 (https://www.nsf.gov/)(FG) and the Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. (https://research.ncsu.edu/ges) (JB & MJ)	<h4> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264469" target="_blank">Population genetic structure of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, in southern Mexico</a></h4>
Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystem Functioning: Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Uptake in Forest and Hyper-Eutrophic Stream	Khara Grieger	2023	Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystem Functioning: Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Uptake in Forest and Hyper-Eutrophic Stream Gao, J., …, Grieger, K. 2022. Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystem Functioning: Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Uptake in Forest and Hyper-Eutrophic Stream. Ecological Indicators, 138: 108859. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108859. PDF	Urbanization, Ecosystem function, Litter decomposition, Nutrient uptake, Macroinvertebrates, Microbes	Rapid urbanization significantly affects freshwater systems by interfering with important ecological functions. The responses of different ecosystem functions in urban streams and their potential ecological effects remain largely unknown, impeding their management and restoration in many cases. In this study, we simultaneously assessed two important ecosystem functions, litter decomposition and nutrient uptake, and investigated the associated microbial and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in two subtropical streams (i.e., a forest headwater stream as a reference and an urban stream that was hyper-eutrophic). Litter decomposition was estimated using litter bags with two mesh sizes (i.e., 50 μm and 2 mm) and two leaf species with different qualities (i.e., Alangium chinense and Machilus leptophylla), with a total of 96 litter bags. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake rates were measured in situ based on the spiraling model. We found that the decomposition rate of A.chinense was approximately seven times that of M. leptophylla in both streams. Moreover, in the urban stream, the litter decomposition rate (0.004 day−1) was one-third that of the forest stream (0.013 day−1), regardless of the litter species. Macroinvertebrates strongly contributed to litter decomposition in the forest stream, where decomposition rates were 1.8-fold higher in the coarse mesh compared to the fine mesh bags, while they had a negligible role in the urban stream (no significant difference between the two mesh bags). P uptake was higher (85-fold) and N uptake was lower (0.13-fold) in the urban compared to forest stream. Litter decomposition and nutrient uptake exhibit decoupled response. These findings show that litter decomposition by kcoarse/kfine metrics and the uptake of N and P are complementary and should be considered in the management and restoration of urban stream ecosystems.	This study examines the effects of urbanization on the functioning of stream ecosystems, specifically focusing on litter decomposition and nutrient uptake. The researchers find that urbanization significantly reduces litter decomposition rates, macroinvertebrate diversity, and nitrogen uptake, while increasing phosphorus uptake in streams. These findings provide valuable insights for the management and restoration of urban streams, highlighting the need to consider both litter decomposition and nutrient uptake in these efforts.	<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X22003302?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystem Functioning: Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Uptake in Forest and Hyper-Eutrophic Stream</a>
Final Report: Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Frameworks for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-Based Technologies in Latin America and The Caribbean	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Michael S. Jones, Jennifer Kuzma, Patti Mulligan, Sharon Stauffer, Sebastian Zarate, Ilaria Cimadori	2023	Barnhill-Dilling, K. S., Jones, M. S., Kuzma, J., Brown, Z. S., Ambrozevicius, L., Bagley, M., & Roca, M. M. (2023). Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Frameworks for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-Based Technologies in Latin America and The Caribbean. Genetic Engineering and Society Center, NC State University. Retrieved from https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2023/05/IDB-Crispr_FINAL-REPORT_EN_2023.pdf	Gene-editing, CRISPR, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Latin America, LAC Region, Regulation, Intellectual Property, Stakeholder Engagement, Governance, Case Study, Sugarcane, Bananas	This final report consolidates the following individual policy briefs and discussion documents: Regional Regulatory Overview (Kuzma and Kuiken, July 2021) CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy (Bagley, July 2021) Stakeholder Interviews (Zarate, Cimadori, Roca, Jones and Barnhill-Dilling, January 2023) Case Study: Gene-Edited Sugarcane: Brazil and Bolivia (Ambrozevicius, Jones and Bagley, March 2023) Case Study: Gene-Edited, Disease-resistant Banana in Honduras and Guatemala (Jones and Roca, with contributing author José Falck, March 2023) Conclusion and Summary of Investment Need Findings (Jones and Roca, March 2023)	This comprehensive report evaluates the regulatory frameworks and institutional competencies for CRISPR-based gene editing in Latin America and the Caribbean. It explores diverse aspects such as policy and regulatory regimes, intellectual property, and case studies on gene-edited crops in specific countries. It also summarizes stakeholder interviews and concludes with investment recommendations for IDB, providing significant insights for future gene-editing endeavors in the region.	<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2023/05/IDB-Crispr_FINAL-REPORT_EN_2023.pdf" target="_blank">Final Report: Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Frameworks for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-Based Technologies in Latin America and The Caribbean</a></h4>
Reporte final; español: Evaluación del Marco Regulatorio e Institucional para la Edición Génica Agrícola mediante Tecnologías Basadas en CRISPR en América Latina y el Caribe	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Michael S. Jones, Jennifer Kuzma, Patti Mulligan, Sharon Stauffer, Sebastian Zarate, Ilaria Cimadori	2023	Barnhill-Dilling, K. S., Jones, M. S., Kuzma, J., Brown, Z. S., Ambrozevicius, L., Bagley, M., & Roca, M. M. (2023). Evaluación del Marco Regulatorio e Institucional para la Edición Génica Agrícola mediante Tecnologías Basadas en CRISPR en América Latina y el Caribe. Genetic Engineering and Society Center, NC State University. Retrieved from https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2023/05/IDB-Crispr_FINAL-REPORT_ES_2023.pdf	Gene-editing, CRISPR, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Latin America, LAC Region, Regulation, Intellectual Property, Stakeholder Engagement, Governance, Case Study, Sugarcane, Bananas	Este reporte final consolida los siguientes informes de políticas individuales y documentos de discusión: Resumen Del Marco Regulatorio Regional (Kuzma y Kuiken, Julio 2021) Politicas de Patentes y Licencias CRISPR (Bagley, Julio 2021) Entrevistas con Stakeholders (Zarate, Cimadori, Roca, Jones y Barnhill-Dilling, Enero 2023) Estudio de Caso: Caña de Azúcar Editada Genéticamente: Brasil y Bolivia (Ambrozevicius, Jones y Bagley, Marzo 2023) Estudio de Caso: El Banano Editado Por Edición Génica en Honduras Y Guatemala (Jones y Roca, con autor colaborador José Falck, Marzo 2023) Conclusión y Resumen de Inversiones Necesarias (Jones y Roca, Marzo 2023)	Este completo informe evalúa los marcos regulatorios y las competencias institucionales para la edición de genes basada en CRISPR en América Latina y el Caribe. Explora diversos aspectos, como políticas y regímenes regulatorios, propiedad intelectual y estudios de casos sobre cultivos modificados genéticamente en países específicos. También resume las entrevistas con las partes interesadas y concluye con recomendaciones de inversión para el BID, lo que brinda información importante para futuros esfuerzos de edición de genes en la región.	<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2023/05/IDB-Crispr_FINAL-REPORT_ES_2023.pdf" target="_blank">Evaluación del Marco Regulatorio e Institucional para la Edición Génica Agrícola mediante Tecnologías Basadas en CRISPR en América Latina y el Caribe</a></h4>
Relatório final; portugués: Avaliação do Marco Regulatório e Institucional das Tecnologias de Edição Gênica Usando CRISPR no Setor Agrícola na América Latina e no Caribe	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Michael S. Jones, Jennifer Kuzma, Patti Mulligan, Sharon Stauffer, Sebastian Zarate, Ilaria Cimadori	2023	Barnhill-Dilling, K. S., Jones, M. S., Kuzma, J., Brown, Z. S., Ambrozevicius, L., Bagley, M., & Roca, M. M. (2023). Relatório final; portugués: Avaliação do Marco Regulatório e Institucional das Tecnologias de Edição Gênica Usando CRISPR no Setor Agrícola na América Latina e no Caribe. Genetic Engineering and Society Center, NC State University. Retrieved from https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2023/08/IDB-Crispr_PT_FINAL-REPORT.pdf	Gene-editing, CRISPR, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Latin America, LAC Region, Regulation, Intellectual Property, Stakeholder Engagement, Governance, Case Study, Sugarcane, Bananas	Este relatório final consolida os seguintes relatórios de política individuais e documentos de discussão: Panorama regulatório regional (Kuzma e Kuiken, julho 2021) Patente CRISPR e política de licenciamento (Bagley, julho 2021) Entrevistas com stakeholders (Zarate, Cimadori, Roca, Jones e Barnhill-Dilling, janeiro 2023) Estudo de caso: Cana-de-açúcar com edição gênica: Brasil e Bolívia (Ambrozevicius, Jones e Bagley, março 2023) Estudo de caso: Edição gênica em banana com resistência em Honduras e na Guatemala (Jones e Roca, con autor colaborador José Falck, março 2023) Conclusão e resumo das descobertas sobre a necessidade de investimento (Jones e Roca, março 2023)	Este relatório abrangente avalia as estruturas regulatórias e as competências institucionais para a edição genética baseada em CRISPR na América Latina e no Caribe. Ele explora diversos aspectos, como regimes políticos e regulatórios, propriedade intelectual e estudos de caso sobre cultivos geneticamente modificados em países específicos. Ele também resume as entrevistas com as partes interessadas e conclui com recomendações de investimento para o BID, fornecendo informações importantes para futuros empreendimentos de edição de genes na região.	<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2023/08/IDB-Crispr_PT_FINAL-REPORT.pdf" target="_blank">Relatório final; portugués: Avaliação do Marco Regulatório e Institucional das Tecnologias de Edição Gênica Usando CRISPR no Setor Agrícola na América Latina e no Caribe</a></h4>
Population dynamics and genome-wide selection scan for dogs in Chernobyl	Martha Burford Reiskind	2023	Dillon, M. N., Thomas, R., Mousseau, T. A., Betz, J. A., Kleiman, N. J., Reiskind, M. O. B., & Breen, M. (2023). Population dynamics and genome-wide selection scan for dogs in Chernobyl. Canine Medicine and Genetics, 10(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1186/s40575-023-00124-1. PDF	Outlier analysis, Population structure, Environmental contamination, Chernobyl dogs	Wildlife populations can be greatly affected by disasters, whether they are natural or man-made. Disasters that result in contamination or habitat destruction can result in population declines or influence wildlife adaptation to these adverse environmental changes. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster released an enormous quantity of ionizing radiation into the surrounding environment. Abandonment of military and industrial facilities, as well as subsequent cleanup and remediation efforts, resulted in further environmental contamination by a variety of non-radioactive toxic metals, chemicals, and compounds. Earlier studies investigated local wildlife responses to some of these exposures. In this study, we address the impact of this disaster on the population structure of free-breeding dogs that live around the power plant and in the nearby city of Chernobyl. In particular, we use genetic approaches to understand how these two populations of dogs interact and their breed composition, so that we may begin to understand how these populations have adapted to over 30 years of exposure to this harsh environment. In this foundational study we determined that while the two local populations of dogs are separated by only 16 km, they have very low rates of interpopulation migration. We also detected genetic evidence that suggests that these population may have adapted to exposures faced over many generations. In future studies, we aim to determine if the genetic variation detected is indeed a biological response to enable survival after multi-generational exposures to radiation, heavy metals, organic toxins, or other environmental contaminants. In this way, we then understand how the impact of environmental catastrophes such as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster can influence animal populations.	The study explores the genetics of two separate dog populations living in areas affected by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Despite living close together, the dogs show significant genetic differences, suggesting they've adapted separately to the challenging environment over many generations. This research provides new insights into how animals can adapt to extreme conditions.	<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40575-023-00124-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Population dynamics and genome-wide selection scan for dogs in Chernobyl</a></h4>
Gene-Edited Food Adoption Intentions and Institutional Trust in the United States: Benefits, Acceptance, and Labeling	Christopher L. Cummings	2023	Lindberg S., Peters D., and Cummings C. (2023) Gene-Edited Food Adoption Intentions and Institutional Trust in the United States: Benefits, Acceptance, and Labeling. Rural Sociology. doi: 10.1111/ruso.12480. PDF	Gene-Edited Food, Trust, Labelling, CRISPR	New gene editing techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have created the potential for rapid development of new gene-edited food (GEF) products. Unlike genetically modified organism foods, there is limited research and literature on U.S. public opinions about GEFs. We address this knowledge gap by examining how crop-based GEF adoption is linked to public trust in institutions and values using the Theory of Planned Behavior. We employ ordinal regression models to predict adoption intentions (direct benefits, acceptability, willingness to eat, and labeling) using a unique and nationally representative survey of n = 2,000 adults in the United States. We find that adoption hinges on public trust in institutions overseeing GEF development, especially trust in university scientists. The 29 percent of Americans likely to adopt GEFs highly trust government food regulators and the biotech industry. A nearly equal number of likely non-adopters distrust current regulatory systems in favor of consumer and environmental advocacy groups. However, most Americans (41 percent) are uncertain about GEF adoption and whom to trust. Although 75 percent of Americans want GEFs labeled, few trust government agencies who have authority to issue labels. Our findings suggest public trust in GEFs and labels can only be obtained by tripartite oversight by universities, advocacy groups, and government food regulators.	This study found that public acceptance of gene-edited food (GEF) in the U.S. is strongly tied to trust in institutions overseeing its development, with particular emphasis on trust in university scientists. While 29% of Americans trust government food regulators and the biotech industry and are likely to adopt GEFs, an equal number distrust these entities, and most Americans (41%) are uncertain, indicating a need for oversight by a combination of universities, advocacy groups, and government food regulators to increase public trust and GEF adoption.	<h4><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ruso.12480" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gene-Edited Food Adoption Intentions and Institutional Trust in the United States: Benefits, Acceptance, and Labeling</a></h4>
Phosphorus sustainability through coordinated stakeholder engagement: a perspective	Khara Grieger, Ashton Merck, John Classen	2023	Deviney A., Grieger K., Merck A., Classen J., Marshall A.M. (2023), Phosphorus sustainability through coordinated stakeholder engagement: a perspective. Environment Systems and Decisions. doi: 10.1007/s10669-023-09896-0. PDF	Stakeholder, Phosphorus, Sustainability	In this Perspective we take an in-depth look at what coordinated stakeholder engagement could entail for phosphorus sustainability. The element phosphorus is critical to life on Earth and to the continued functioning of society as we know it. Yet, how society uses phosphorus is currently unsustainable, both as a resource in support of global food production where inequitable distribution creates food security challenges, but also from an environmental aspect, where mismanagement has led to negative impacts on the quality of agricultural soils, human health, and freshwater and marine ecosystems. A number of initiatives and cross-sector consortia have come together to address sustainable phosphorus management at either global or regional scales. However, these efforts could benefit from a more coordinated approach to stakeholder engagement to identify the diversity of needs and perspectives involved in this complex challenge. Herein we examine some examples of different approaches to developing such coordinated stakeholder engagement in other areas of environmental sustainability. We consider how to apply the lessons learned from those efforts toward stakeholder coordination in the realm of phosphorus sustainability. Particularly, we discuss the value of a coordinating body to manage the communications and knowledge sharing necessary to develop trust and cooperation among diverse stakeholder groups and to transition society to more sustainable phosphorus use.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10669-023-09896-0" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Phosphorus sustainability through coordinated stakeholder engagement: a perspective</a></h4>
Moving beyond narrow definitions of gene drive: Diverse perspectives and frames enable substantive dialogue among science and humanities teachers in the United States and United Kingdom	Jason Delborne, Katie Barnhill-Dilling	2023	Hartley, S., Stelmach, A., Delborne, J.A., Barnhill-Dilling, S.K. (2023), Moving beyond narrow definitions of gene drive: Diverse perspectives and frames enable substantive dialogue among science and humanities teachers in the United States and United Kingdom. Public Understanding of Science. doi: 10.1177/09636625221148697. PDF	Gene Drive, Communication, Engagement	Gene drive is an emerging biotechnology with applications in global health, conservation and agriculture. Scientists are preparing for field trials, triggering debate about when and how to release gene-drive organisms. These decisions depend on public understandings of gene drive, which are shaped by language. While some studies on gene drive communication assume the need to persuade publics of expert definitions of gene drive, we highlight the importance of meaning-making in communication and engagement. We conducted focus groups with humanities and science teachers in the United Kingdom and United States to explore how different media framings stimulated discussions of gene drive. We found diversity in the value of these framings for public debate. Interestingly, the definition favoured by gene drive scientists was the least popular among participants. Rather than carefully curating language, we need opportunities for publics to make sense and negotiate the meanings of a technology on their own terms.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625221148697" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Moving beyond narrow definitions of gene drive: Diverse perspectives and frames enable substantive dialogue among science and humanities teachers in the United States and United Kingdom</a></h4>
How can policymakers and researchers develop effective insect resistance management guidelines? A quantitative and qualitative study of Brazilian farmers' perspectives and attitudes	Daniela Pezzini, Jason Delborne, Dominic Reisig	2023	Pezzini D., Delborne J.A., and Reisig D. (2023), How can policymakers and researchers develop effective insect resistance management guidelines? A quantitative and qualitative study of Brazilian farmers' perspectives and attitudes. Plants People Planet. doi: 10.1002/ppp3.10352. PDF	B. Thuringiensis, Farmers' Decision-Making, Refuge Adoption, Sources Of Information, Technologyadoption, Transgenic Crops	Genetically engineered crops expressing insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have brought numerous benefits; however, pest resistance evolution poses a threat to the sustainability of this technology. Insect resistance management (IRM) for Bt crops has been defined as a wicked problem as it involves sociobiological complexities. A main challenge in IRM is the adoption of non-Bt refuge, which is one out of the few strategies amenable to human intervention. This study investigated farmers' perspectives on information sources and IRM practices in Brazil using quantitative and qualitative data collection. A total of 145 farmers responded to online Qualtrics surveys, and 13 farmers participated in person to open-ended interviews. This study demonstrates that farmers rely on strong social networks for information exchange and that sources with expertise based on local field experience are the most reliable channels of communication. We identified new challenges for refuge adoption such as the need to spray insecticides for pests not targeted by Bt and the intangible aspect of resistance evolution. Based on results of sources of information and perspectives on IRM practices, we discuss strategies that may be successful in delaying insecticide resistance evolution based on local contexts. This is the first study to investigate Brazilian farmers' perceptions on information sources and IRM strategies using qualitative data. Our results provide important elements to orient research development and decision-making in biotechnology policies for the agricultural sector in Brazil and other similar contexts.		<h4><a href="https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ppp3.10352" rel="noopener" target="_blank">How can policymakers and researchers develop effective insect resistance management guidelines? A quantitative and qualitative study of Brazilian farmers' perspectives and attitudes</a></h4>
Governing biotechnology to provide safety and security and address ethical, legal, and social implications	Christopher L. Cummings	2023	Trump B, Cummings C, Klasa K, Galaitsi S, and Linkov I (2023), Governing biotechnology to provide safety and security and address ethical, legal, and social implications. Front. Genet. 13:1052371. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1052371. PDF	Biotechnology, ELSI, Policy, Governance, Safety-By-Design, Synthetic Biology	The field of biotechnology has produced a wide variety of materials and products which are rapidly entering the commercial marketplace. While many developments promise revolutionary benefits, some of them pose uncertain or largely untested risks and may spur debate, consternation, and outrage from individuals and groups who may be affected by their development and use. In this paper we show that the success of any advanced genetic development and usage requires that the creators establish technical soundness, ensure safety and security, and transparently represent the productâ€™s ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI). We further identify how failures to address ELSI can manifest as significant roadblocks to product acceptance and adoption and advocate for use of the â€œsafety-by-designâ€ governance philosophy. This approach requires addressing risk and ELSI needs early and often in the technology development process to support innovation while providing security and safety for workers, the public, and the broader environment. This paper identifies and evaluates major ELSI challenges and perspectives to suggest a methodology for implementing safety-by-design in a manner consistent with local institutions and politics. We anticipate the need for safety-by-design approach to grow and permeate biotechnology governance structures as the field expands in scientific and technological complexity, increases in public attention and prominence, and further impacts human health and the environment.		<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.1052371/full" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Governing biotechnology to provide safety and security and address ethical, legal, and social implications</a></h4>
Social Concerns and Regulation of Cisgenic Crops in North America	Jennifer Kuzma	2023	Kuzma, J. (2023). Social Concerns and Regulation of Cisgenic Crops in North America. In: Chaurasia, A., Kole, C. (eds) Cisgenic Crops: Safety, Legal and Social Issues. Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences. Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-10721-4_8	Responsible Research And Innovation, Genome Editing, Gene Editing, Oversight, Policy	Cisgenic crops may be more acceptable to some consumer groups and can provide benefits to health, the environment, consumers, and agricultural producers. However careful attention to the societal dimensions of cisgenic and gene-edited crops will be required to ensure their success in the marketplace and safe and sustainable use. This chapter overviews several of the social concerns associated with cisgenic crops, including from the perspectives of developers and consumers and with particular attention to oversight systems in the United States and Canada. An appropriate balance between allowing innovation systems to flourish and respecting the desire of consumers for autonomy and choice is a challenge for cisgenic crop oversight. Models for responsible governance are reviewed in closing that might help to achieve such a balance and should be explored and tested in the future.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-10721-4_8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Social Concerns and Regulation of Cisgenic Crops in North America</a></h4>
A critical assessment of the detailed Aedes aegypti simulation model Skeeter Buster 2 using field experiments of indoor insecticidal control in Iquitos, Peru	Fred Gould, Alun Lloyd	2023	Gunning CE,... Gould F, Lloyd AL, et al. (2022) A critical assessment of the detailed Aedes aegypti simulation model Skeeter Buster 2 using field experiments of indoor insecticidal control in Iquitos, Peru. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16(12): e0010863. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010863. PDF	Larvae, Aedes Aegypti, Population Dynamics, Mosquitoes, Peru, Insects, Simulation And Modeling	The importance of mosquitoes in human pathogen transmission has motivated major research efforts into mosquito biology in pursuit of more effective vector control measures. Aedes aegypti is a particular concern in tropical urban areas, where it is the primary vector of numerous flaviviruses, including the yellow fever, Zika, and dengue viruses. With an anthropophilic habit, Ae. aegypti prefers houses, human blood meals, and ovipositioning in water-filled containers. We hypothesized that this relatively simple ecological niche should allow us to predict the impacts of insecticidal control measures on mosquito populations. To do this, we use Skeeter Buster 2 (SB2), a stochastic, spatially explicit, mechanistic model of Ae. aegypti population biology. SB2 builds on Skeeter Buster, which reproduced equilibrium dynamics of Ae. aegypti in Iquitos, Peru. Our goal was to validate SB2 by predicting the response of mosquito populations to perturbations by indoor insecticidal spraying and widespread destructive insect surveys.To evaluate SB2, we conducted two field experiments in Iquitos, Peru: a smaller pilot study in 2013 (S-2013) followed by a larger experiment in 2014 (L-2014). Here, we compare model predictions with (previously reported) empirical results from these experiments. In both simulated and empirical populations, repeated spraying yielded substantial yet temporary reductions in adult densities. The proportional effects of spraying were broadly comparable between simulated and empirical results, but we found noteworthy differences. In particular, SB2 consistently over-estimated the proportion of nulliparous females and the proportion of containers holding immature mosquitoes. We also observed less temporal variation in simulated surveys of adult abundance relative to corresponding empirical observations. Our results indicate the presence of ecological heterogeneities or sampling processes not effectively represented by SB2. Although additional empirical research could further improve the accuracy and precision of SB2, our results underscore the importance of non-linear dynamics in the response of Ae. aegypti populations to perturbations, and suggest general limits to the fine-grained predictability of its population dynamics over space and time.	We are using archived samples of Ae. aegypti collected in Iquitos, Peru since 2000 to assess patterns of spatial and temporal change in genes associated with pyrethroid resistance and in genomic differentiation. We are using this information to develop predictions about future dynamics of insecticide resistance and gene drives by use of a spatially explicit, stochastic model of Ae. aegypti population dynamics and genetics that is specifically calibrated to Iquitos conditions. The outcomes of this work will provide research, regulatory, and management communities with information needed to more accurately predict the dynamics of a variety of gene drive strategies as well as the spread of resistance to insecticides in this arbovirus vector.Overall, we found that the effects of spraying were broadly comparable between simulated and empirical results, including rapid post-control recovery. Notably, we observed less temporal variation in simulated adult abundance than in empirical observations. Our results indicate the presence of ecological heterogeneities and/or sampling processes not captured by SB2, and suggest limits to the fine-grained predictability of Ae. aegypti population dynamics over space and time.	<h4><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010863" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A critical assessment of the detailed Aedes aegypti simulation model Skeeter Buster 2 using field experiments of indoor insecticidal control in Iquitos, Peru</a></h4>
Gene drive organisms and slippery slopes	Fred Gould, Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Resnik, D.B., Medina, R.F., Gould, F., Church, G. & Kuzma, J. (2022): Gene drive organisms and slippery slopes. Pathogens and Global Health, DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2160895. PDF (requires login with Unity ID)	Gene Drive, CRISPR, Slippery Slope Argument, Ethics, Regulation	The bioethical debate about using gene drives to alter or eradicate wild populations has focused mostly on issues concerning short-term risk assessment and management, governance and oversight, and public and community engagement, but has not examined big-pictureâ€” â€˜where is this going?â€™â€”questions in great depth. In other areas of bioethical controversy, big-picture questions often enter the public forum via slippery slope arguments. Given the incredible potential of gene drive organisms to alter the Earthâ€™s biota, it is somewhat surprising that slippery slope arguments have not played a more prominent role in ethical and policy debates about these emerging technologies. In this article, we examine a type of slippery slope argument against using gene drives to alter or suppress wild pest populations and consider whether it has a role to play in ethical and policy debates. Although we conclude that this argument does not provide compelling reasons for banning the use of gene drives in wild pest populations, we believe that it still has value as a morally instructive cautionary narrative that can motivate scientists, ethicists, and members of the public to think more clearly about appropriate vs. inappropriate uses of gene drive technologies, the long-term and cumulative and emergent risks of using gene drives in wild populations, and steps that can be taken to manage these risks, such as protecting wilderness areas where people can enjoy life forms that have not been genetically engineered.		<h4><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20477724.2022.2160895" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gene drive organisms and slippery slopes</a></h4>
Gene drives: Environmental impacts, sustainability, and governance	Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Kuzma, J. (2022). Gene drives: Environmental impacts, sustainability, and governance. EPFL International Risk Governance Center (IRGC). All workshop papers available at epfl.ch/research/domains/irgc/eset/. PDF	Gene Drive, Risk Governance, Ecosystems, Sustainability, Equitable Use	This paper, produced in the context of EPFL International Risk Governance Centerâ€™s (IRGC) project on ensuring the environmental sustainability of emerging technology outcome, overviews gene drive organisms (GDOs), their potential impacts on sustainability and the environment, and special considerations for risk governance. GDOs are designed to spread their genes throughout a population in an ecosystem. Newer GDOs utilize gene editing technologies like CRISPR to bias inheritance of genes with each generation towards 100%. Gene drives can be designed to cause the population to decline (e.g., via female killing) or be beneficial to the population (e.g., via genes that immunize against a disease). Theoretically, the release of just a few organisms could change populations in ecosystems permanently. However,gene drive systems are also being developed and designed to be limited in geography or spread, or to be reversible. GDOs hold promise for controllingagricultural pests with fewer pesticides, protecting endangered and threatened species against pests and ecological hazards, and reducing thetransmission of human and animal diseases. However, their open release presents characteristics of emerging risks that are accompanied by significant complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. It is difficult to predict the risks of ecological release of GDOs prior to open release, and open release could cause widespread ecological impacts through complicated and sensitive ecosystems. This situation presents significant challenges for risk assessment, mitigation, management and international governance of GDOs. Given the near impossibility of amassing risk-relevant data prior to release, GDOs make the procedural validity of risk analysis and decision-making even more important in comparison to many other technologies and risks. More robust risk analysis methods and global governance systems are needed to ensure their safe, sustainable and equitable use.		<h4><a href="https://www.epfl.ch/research/domains/irgc/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/IRGC-2022-Gene-drives_Environmental-impacts-sustainability-and-governance.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gene drives: Environmental impacts, sustainability, and governance</a></h4>
Gene editing and agrifood systems	Jennifer Kuzma	2022	United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization. 2022. Coauthors: Gao C., Kilkulwe E., Kuzma J., et al., Gene editing and agrifood systems. Rome. doi: 10.4060/cc3579en PDF	Genes, Agrifood Systems, Breeding Methods, Plant Breeding, Animal Breeding, Gene Editing, Partnerships	Gene-editing technologies represent a promising new tool for plant and animal breeding in low- and middle-income countries. They enhance precision and efficiency over current breeding methods and could lead to rapid development of improved plant varieties and animal breeds. However, as for any new technology, they have their merits and demerits. There is, as yet, no international consensus regarding if and how gene-edited organisms should be regulated, and whether their release would fall under the regulatory framework of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity. This science- and evidence-based Issue Paper on gene editing and agrifood systems presents a balanced discussion of the most pertinent aspects of gene editing, including the consequences for human hunger, human health, food safety, effects on the environment, animal welfare, socioeconomic impact and distribution of benefits. Intrinsic ethical concerns and issues of governance and regulation are addressed, and the roles of the public and private sectors, alone and in partnership, are summarized. Various scenarios are also presented for how gene editing might be used in the future to help transform agrifood systems.	The UNFAO's paper explores gene-editing technologies for plant and animal breeding, focusing on potential benefits for low- and middle-income countries. The paper underlines the need for global consensus on regulation, given the Cartagena Protocol's potential implications. It covers impacts on hunger, health, food safety, environment, and socioeconomic issues while addressing ethical and governance aspects.	<h4><a href="https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3579en" target"_blank">Gene editing and agrifood systems</a></h4>
Gene Drives in Agriculture: Risk Assessment and Research Prioritization	Jabeen Ahmad, Jennifer Baltzegar, Zack Brown, Jason Delborne, Sumit Dhole, Fred Gould, Khara Grieger, Andrew Hardwick, Jennifer Kuzma, Marce Lorenzen, Nick Loschin, Bethany Mosert, Patti Mulligan, Sharon Stauffer, Dylan Spangle, Willy Wei, Katie Barnhill-Dilling	2022	Ahmad J, Baltzegar J, Brown ZS, Delborne JA, Dhole S, Elsensohn J, Gould F, Grieger K, Hardwick A, Kuzma J, Lorenzen M, Loschin N, Medina R, Mostert B, Mulligan P, Pepin K, Spangle D, Stauffer S, Stokes R, Wei W, and Barnhill-Dilling SK. (2022) Gene Drives in Agriculture: Risk Assessment and Research Prioritization. Genetic Engineering and Society Center, NC State University Online at: go.ncsu.edu/ges-gene-drive-workshop-white-paper	Gene Drive, Agricultural Biotechnology, Risk Assessment, USDA, NIFA, Workshop Report	The Genetic Engineering and Society (GES) Center at North Carolina State University (NC State) hosted an online workshop entitled “Gene Drives in Agriculture: Workshop on Risk Assessment and Research Prioritization” on June 2, 3, and 17, 2022. The workshop was funded by the USDA-NIFA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant program (grant number 2020-33522-32269; PI = Barnhill-Dilling), with additional support from and partnership with the NC State Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science for Agriculture (CERSA). The workshop included an interdisciplinary lineup of speakers brought together in an effort to review and develop risk assessment methodology associated with gene drives for agriculture pest control. This report was generated to inform and summarize foreseen risks associated with gene drive technology for agriculture pest control to identify data needs for gene drive technology. The workshop featured panelist experts in multiple disciplines specializing in gene drives, risk assessment, policy, and agricultural pests. By use of presentations and breakout sessions, many ideas were presented regarding the risk assessment and risk governance of gene drives in agriculture. This workshop report does not represent the opinion of all the participants in the workshop but serves as a bridge to cover multiple perspectives from interdisciplinary efforts.	A comprehensive examination of the application, risks, and regulatory aspects of gene drives for agricultural pest control. Written by attendees of our June 2022 workshop, it underscores the potential of gene drives while acknowledging significant gaps in governance systems and risk assessment data. Key concerns include effectiveness, ecological impacts, and human health effects, and calls for ongoing stakeholder dialogues and integration of social science data into gene drive models.	<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2022/11/Gene-Drives-in-Agriculture-Workshop-on-Risk-Assessment-and-Research-Prioritization-2022.pdf" target="_blank">Gene Drives in Agriculture: Risk Assessment and Research Prioritization</a></h4>
Exploring the value of a global gene drive project registry	Fred Gould, Jennifer Kuzma, Jason Delborne, Todd Kuiken	2022	Taitingfong, R.I.,... Gould, F., Delborne, J., Kuzma, J., Kuiken, T.,... et al. (2022) Exploring the value of a global gene drive project registry. Nat Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-022-01591-w. PDF	Gene Drive, Conservation, Population Modeling, Stakeholder Engagement, Governance , International Policy, Vector Control	Recent calls to establish a global project registry before releasing any gene-drive-modified organisms (GDOs) have suggested a registry could be valuable to coordinate research, collect data to monitor and evaluate potential ecological impacts, and facilitate transparent communication with community stakeholders and the general public. Here, we report the results of a multidisciplinary expert workshop on GDO registries convened on 8â€“9 December 2020 involving 70 participants from 14 countries. Participants had expertise in gene drive design, conservation and population modeling, social science, stakeholder engagement, governance and regulation, international policy, and vector control; they represented 45 organizations, spanning national and local governmental agencies, international organizations, nonprofit organizations, universities, and district offices overseeing local vector control. The workshop aimed to gather perspectives on a central question: â€œIn what ways could a gene-drive project registry both contribute to and detract from the fair development, testing and use of GDOs?â€ We specifically queried the perceived purpose of a registry, the information that would need to be included, and the perceived value of a registry. Three primary findings emerged from the discussion: first, many participants agreed a registry could serve a coordinating function for multidisciplinary and multisector work activities; second, doing so may require different design elements, depending on the target end-user group and intended purpose for that group; and third, these different information requirements lead to concerns about information sharing via a registry, suggesting potential obstacles to achieving transparency through such a mechanism. We conclude that any development of a gene-drive project registry requires careful and inclusive deliberation, including with potential end-users, to ensure that registry design is optimal.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-022-01591-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Exploring the value of a global gene drive project registry</a></h4>
Development and application of screening-level risk analysis for emerging materials	Khara Grieger	2022	Horgan, M.D., Hsain, H.A., Jones, J.L. Grieger, K.D. (2023) Development and application of screening-level risk analysis for emerging materials, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 35. Graphical abstract (Figure 4)	Risk Screening, Life Cycle, Material Development, Hafnia, Piezoelectrics	Analysis of a material's impact on society is increasingly recognized as a necessary step in materials development, especially in the area of lead-free piezoelectrics. Evaluations of the environmental, health, and societal impacts that occur throughout the material's life cycle are critical for determining the viability of lead-free alternatives. Risk screening approaches, such as the screening-level Emerging Materials Risk Analysis (EMRA) proposed in this work, may help researchers compare materials or material production routes to determine more sustainable solutions. As a first demonstration of its utility in the development of lead-free piezoelectrics, the approach introduced in this paper is applied to piezoelectric HfO2 (hafnia) to compare mining and processing routes and to elucidate the more sustainable route for HfO2 production. This paper aims to exemplify how the EMRA risk screening approach incorporates perspectives on environmental, health, and societal impacts into the materials research process by providing a relative risk screening evaluation of different material processing routes and/or different materials. Results from applying EMRA to hafnia show that the major known environmental impacts of hafnia mining and processing involve ecosystem destruction and heavy use of fossil fuels and electricity; health impacts related to potentially unsafe working conditions and potential exposure to radioactive elements; and societal impacts including land disputes and supply concerns. Results also demonstrate that the more sustainable production route currently available includes commercial wet mining with land rehabilitation followed by beneficiation via wet processes with consistent personal protective equipment use and water recycling. Almost all of the previously-mentioned impacts are avoided in this life cycle route. Outcomes from this analysis identify hafnia as a potentially sustainable replacement for certain applications of PZT and therefore encourage continued development of the material. Future efforts will test EMRA on a wide variety of other materials and revise the approach accordingly.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214993722001385" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development and application of screening-level risk analysis for emerging materials</a></h4>
Leveraging a natural murine meiotic drive to suppress invasive populations	John Godwin	2022	Gierus, L... Godwin, J. et al. Leveraging a natural murine meiotic drive to suppress invasive populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Nov. 15 2022, 119 (46); DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213308119. PDF	Genetic Biocontrol, Gene Drive, Invasive Rodents, Conservation, Modeling	SignificanceInvasive rodents pose a significant threat to global biodiversity, contributing to countless extinctions, particularly on islands. Genetic biocontrol has considerable potential to control invasive populations but has not been developed in mice. Here, we develop a suppression gene drive strategy for mice that leverages a modified naturally occurring element with biased transmission to spread faulty copies of a haplosufficient female fertility gene (tCRISPR). In silico modeling of island populations using a range of realistic parameters predicts robust eradication. We also demonstrate proof of concept for this strategy in laboratory mice. This work marks a significant step toward the development of a gene drive for the suppression of invasive mice.AbstractInvasive rodents are a major cause of environmental damage and biodiversity loss, particularly on islands. Unlike insects, genetic biocontrol strategies including population-suppressing gene drives with biased inheritance have not been developed in mice. Here, we demonstrate a gene drive strategy (tCRISPR) that leverages super-Mendelian transmission of the t haplotype to spread inactivating mutations in a haplosufficient female fertility gene (Prl). Using spatially explicit individual-based in silico modeling, we show that tCRISPR can eradicate island populations under a range of realistic field-based parameter values. We also engineer transgenic tCRISPR mice that, crucially, exhibit biased transmission of the modified t haplotype and Prl mutations at levels our modeling predicts would be sufficient for eradication. This is an example of a feasible gene drive system for invasive alien rodent population control.		<h4><a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2213308119" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Leveraging a natural murine meiotic drive to suppress invasive populations</a></h4>
Direct and indirect impacts of synthetic biology on biodiversity conservation	Jason Delborne	2022	Macfarlane, N. B. W., Adams, J., Bennett, E. L., Brooks, T. M., Delborne, J. A., Eggermont, H., Endy, D., Esvelt, K. M., Kolodziejczyk, B., Kuiken, T. et al. (2022). Direct and indirect impacts of synthetic biology on biodiversity conservation. iScience, 25(11). doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105423. PDF. Graphical abstract	Global Change, Environmental Management, Nature Conservation, Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology	The worldâ€™s biodiversity is in crisis. Synthetic biology has the potential to transform biodiversity conservation, both directly and indirectly, in ways that are negative and positive. However, applying these biotechnology tools to environmental questions is fraught with uncertainty and could harm cultures, rights, livelihoods, and nature. Decisions about whether or not to use synthetic biology for conservation should be understood alongside the reality of ongoing biodiversity loss. In 2022, the 196 Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity are negotiating the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework that will guide action by governments and other stakeholders for the next decade to conserve the worldsâ€™ biodiversity. To date, synthetic biologists, conservationists, and policy makers have operated in isolation. At this critical time, this review brings these diverse perspectives together and emerges out of the need for a balanced and inclusive examination of the potential application of these technologies to biodiversity conservation.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105423" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Direct and indirect impacts of synthetic biology on biodiversity conservation</a></h4>
Public Acceptability and Stakeholder Engagement for Genetic Control Technologies	Jason Delborne	2022	Thizy, D., Carter, L., Coche, I., Delborne, J. A., et al. (2022). Public Acceptability and Stakeholder Engagement for Genetic Control Technologies. Transgenic Insects, 474â€“492. doi: 10.1079/9781800621176.0024	Genetic Control, Invasive Species, Public Engagement, Stakeholders, Transgenic Insects			<h4><a href="https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781800621176.0024" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public Acceptability and Stakeholder Engagement for Genetic Control Technologies</a></h4>
Life‐history stage and the population genetics of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus at a fine spatial scale.	Martha Burford Reiskind	2022	Reed, E. M., Reiskind, M. H., & Burford Reiskind, M. O. (2023). Life‐history stage and the population genetics of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus at a fine spatial scale. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 37(1), 132-142. doi: 10.1111/mve.12618. PDF	Aedes albopictus, invasive species, life stage, mosquito population genetics	As a widespread vector of disease with an expanding range, the mosquito Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) is a high priority for research and management. A. albopictus has a complex life history with aquatic egg, larval and pupal stages, and a terrestrial adult stage. This requires targeted management strategies for each life stage, coordinated across time and space. Population genetics can aid in A. albopictus control by evaluating patterns of genetic diversity and dispersal. However, how life stage impacts population genetic characteristics is unknown. We examined whether patterns of A. albopictus genetic diversity and differentiation changed with life stage at a spatial scale relevant to management efforts. We first conducted a literature review of field-caught A. albopictus population genetic papers and identified 101 peer-reviewed publications, none of which compared results between life stages. Our study uniquely examines population genomic patterns of egg and adult A. albopictus at five sites in Wake County, North Carolina, USA, using 8425 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found that the level of genetic diversity and connectivity between sites varied between adults and eggs. This warrants further study and is critical for research aimed at informing local management.	This study investigates how the genetic diversity and connectivity of the Aedes albopictus mosquito, a widespread disease vector, vary between its egg and adult life stages at a local scale in Wake County, North Carolina. The findings reveal significant differences between these stages, highlighting the need for more tailored and stage-specific strategies in managing mosquito populations. This unique research contributes to a better understanding of mosquito population dynamics, which is crucial for effective local disease control efforts.	<h4><a href="https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/mve.12618" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Life‐history stage and the population genetics of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus at a fine spatial scale</a></h4>
Eradication of Commelina benghalensis in a long-term experiment using a multistakeholder governance model: A case of regulatory concerns defeating ecological management success	Ramon Leon	2022	Leon, R., Creamer, N., Reberg-Horton, S., & Franzluebbers, A. (2022). Eradication of Commelina benghalensis in a long-term experiment using a multistakeholder governance model: A case of regulatory concerns defeating ecological management success. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 15(3), 152-159. doi: 10.1017/inp.2022.23. PDF	Decision, Fumigation, Invasion, Mapping, Monitoring, Negotiation, Scouting	Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.) is a noxious invasive species and was detected in a long-term experiment in a research farm in Goldsboro, NC. A multistakeholder governance model was used to address the invasion of this species. Regulators insisted on the use of fumigation in all fields, but after intense negotiations, a multi-tier eradication plan was designed and implemented, allowing fumigation outside the long-term experiment and a combination of integrated approaches (including physical removal) and intense monitoring and mapping for long-term experimental fields. In the long-term experiment, C. benghalensis populations decreased logarithmically from more than 50,000 plants in approximately 80 ha in 2005 to 19 plants in less than 1 ha in 2019, with a projection of full eradication by 2024. Despite these results, which were considered to be proof of successful ecological management by university researchers, regulators decided to fumigate the fields containing the remaining 19 plants. This decision was made because regulators considered factors such as professional liability and control efficacy. This created serious disagreements between the different stakeholders who participated in the design of the original plan. Despite the goodwill all parties exhibited at the beginning of the governance process, there were important shortcomings that likely contributed to the disagreements at the end. For example, the plan did not include specific milestones, and there was no clarity about what acceptable progress was based on (i.e., plant numbers or the rate of population decline). Also, no financial limits were established, which made administrators concerned about the financial burden the eradication program had become over time. Multistakeholder governance can effectively address plant invasions, but proper definition of progress and the point at which the program must be modified are critical for success, and all this must be done within a governance model that balances power in the decision-making process.		<H4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.23" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eradication of <em>Commelina benghalensis</em> in a long-term experiment using a multistakeholder governance model: A case of regulatory concerns defeating ecological management success</a></h4>
How can we promote the responsible innovation of nano-agrifood research?	Ashton Merck, Khara Grieger, Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Merck, A. W., Grieger, K. D., and Kuzma, J.. How can we promote the responsible innovation of nano-agrifood research? Environmental Science & Policy 137, 2022. 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.08.027 PDF. Graphical Abstract	Nanotechnology, Nano-Agrifoods, Responsible Innovation, Policy	The use of nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials in food and agriculture (nano-agrifoods) may provide numerous benefits to society. At the same time, there is also a chance that nano-agrifood innovations may pose new or unknown risks to human or environmental health and safety. To understand these issues and be more responsive to public concerns, researchers are beginning to discuss and adopt an emerging best practice in science and technology communities known as â€œresponsible innovationâ€ (RI). Originally developed by researchers over ten years ago, RI is now a well-established framework that is already a part of science policymaking in the European Union (as â€œresponsible research and innovationâ€). In the United States, however, there are numerous structural and institutional barriers for scientists to align their research with RI principles and goals. This perspective briefly reviews RI, why it is needed for nano-agrifoods, and how it could be institutionalized more effectively in the U.S. to ensure that future nano-agrifood research is better aligned with societal needs, expectations, and concerns. This work also identifies several pathways to institutionalize RI in nano-agrifoods, ranging from a public legal mandate to privately enforced organizational norms. Further, a set of strategies and/or best practices for implementing RI in the U.S. context is presented that are applicable to both public and private organizations. While key findings from this work are focused on the need for RI of nano-agrifoods in the U.S., implementation of these best practices could have positive benefits for other emerging technologies and in other national contexts as well.		<h4><a href="https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1fknS5Ce0rj~zN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How can we promote the responsible innovation of nano-agrifood research?</a></h4>
Implementing responsible research and innovation: a case study of U.S. biotechnology oversight	Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Kuzma, J. Implementing responsible research and innovation: a case study of U.S. biotechnology oversight. Global Public Policy and Governance: 1-19. (2022). doi: 10.1007/s43508-022-00046-x (	Responsible Research And Innovation (RRI), Governance Systems, Emerging Technologies	This article explores two research questions through a case study of U.S. biotechnology oversight: why visions of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) are difficult to implement in governance systems for emerging technologies, and how to get policies and programs to overcome barriers to RRI implementation on the national policy agenda. Recent research on barriers to RRI is first reviewed to categorize the types of barriers. Key barriers center around meso- and macro-level institutional and societal forces that disincentivize RRI in innovation systems, as well as micro-level attitudinal and capacity barriers. These barriers point to policy changes that are likely needed to implement RRI in governance systems, in particular incentives for RRI from national funding organizations. However, getting RRI on the policy agenda for biotechnology may be difficult given macro-level socioeconomic and political forces. Therefore, the article uses insights from policy process theory to identify possible ways to get RRI on the national policy agenda. It identifies several ways to promote RRI in national policy-making, such as shifting the policy image of RRI, changing policy venues to encourage RRI, expanding the scope of RRI as a policy issue, and catalyzing focusing events to raise national awareness about RRI.		<h4><a href="https://rdcu.be/cVFxA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Implementing responsible research and innovation: a case study of U.S. biotechnology oversight</a></h4>
Toward product-based regulation of crops	Fred Gould	2022	Fred Gould, et al. "Toward product-based regulation of crops." Science 377, 1051 (2022). DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3034	Product-Based Regulation, CRISPR, Bioengineered Crops	Much effort has been expended globally over the past four decades to craft and update country-specific and multinational safety regulations that can be applied to crops developed by genetic engineering processes, while exempting conventionally bred crops. This differentiation made some sense in the 1980s, but in light of technological advances, it is no longer scientifically defensible. In the coming decades, innovations in genetic engineering and modern “conventional” processes of crop development will enable use of these approaches to alter more crops and more traits. Future governance of new plant varieties and foods, regardless of the processes and techniques used to develop them, will require new, scientifically sound assessment methodologies, developed in a manner acceptable to society. Here, we provide a rationale for one governance approach that moves away from current process-based regulation and uses newly developed molecular techniques that enable detailed characterization of the new crops and foods themselves.	Differentiations between crops developed conventionally vs via genetic engineering in safety regulations are outdated, as lines blur with emerging technologies like CRISPR. Current regulations focus on the size of the genetic change and its source, leading to inconsistent global rules. A shift should be made towards "omics-based" regulations, focusing on crop characteristics rather than the process used. Proposes an international, collaborative approach to governance of new crops and foods.	<h4><a href="https://www.science.org/stoken/author-tokens/ST-704/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Toward product-based regulation of crops</a></h4>
Considering the Case of Gene Drive Technologies through Social Science Theories on Stakeholder Engagement	Jason Delborne, Jill Furgurson	2022	Fugurson, J., & Delborne, J. A. (2022). Considering the Case of Gene Drive Technologies through Social Science Theories on Stakeholder Engagement (Gene Drive Research Forum). GeneConvene Global Collaborative. PDF	Gene Drive, Stakeholder Engagement, Social Science, Risk Assessment	The Gene Drive Research Forum hosted a series of virtual panel discussions designed to provide an opportunity for social scientists, researchers and developers, funders, and other stakeholders interested in gene drive technologies to explore social science questions on stakeholder engagement. Over the course of five sessions, the panelists considered a variety of topics related to stakeholder engagement, including controversy and challenges; risk assessment; field trial site selection; the roleof consensus; and independence in funding and practices.		<h4><a href="https://fnih.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/GDRF Stakeholders Panel.pdf" target=_blank">Considering the Case of Gene Drive Technologies through Social Science Theories on Stakeholder Engagement</a></h4>
Making Space for Technology Governance	Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Kuzma, J.Making Space for Technology Governance.Issues in Science and Technology 38, no. 4 (Summer 2022). Retrieved from https://issues.org/technology-governance-mathews-fabi-offodile-forum/. PDF	Responsible Innovation, Societal Impacts, Governance	A discussion of Imagining Governance for Emerging TechnologiesBY DEBRA J. H. MATHEWS, RACHEL FABI, ANAEZE C. OFFODILE II	Kuzma calls for better governance of emerging technologies, highlighting societal neglect of ethical implications due to technological optimism and capitalism. She suggests creating independent policy spaces, involving diverse perspectives and real decision-making authority, to ensure responsible and equitable technological futures.	<h4><a href="https://issues.org/technology-governance-mathews-fabi-offodile-forum/#forum-response-block_6303cfc1bcecf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Making Space for Technology Governance</a></h4>
Chestnut Restoration and Tribal Sovereignty	Katie Barnhill-Dilling	2022	Barnhill-Dilling, K. ~~(2022). Chestnut Restoration and Tribal Sovereignty. Wicked Problems, Wolfpack Solutions. DOI: 10.52750/174449~~	American Chestnut Tree, Stakeholder Engagement, Forest Biotechnology, Wolpack Solutions	North American indigenous people once referred to the then ubiquitous American Chestnut tree as the “grandfather of the forest.” In this talk, Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Ph.D., explores the history of chestnut’s importance to native people and to European settlers and the impact on the population and ecosystem of its functional extinction. Barnhill-Dilling identifies biotechnology tools explored to genetically engineer a blight-resistant variety of the American Chestnut and the importance of considering Indigenous sovereignty in this fascinating restoration effort.	An exploration of the history of chestnut’s importance to native people and to European settlers and the impact on the population and ecosystem of its functional extinction.	<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.52750/174449" target="_blank">Chestnut Restoration and Tribal Sovereignty</a></h4>
When Biotechnology Goes “Wild”: GE Chestnut Trees	Jason Delborne	2022	Delborne, J. A. (2022). When Biotechnology Goes “Wild”: GE Chestnut Trees. Wicked Problems, Wolfpack Solutions. DOI: 10.52750/260237	American Chestnut Tree, Stakeholder Engagement, Forest Biotechnology, Wolpack Solutions	What does it mean when biotechnology moves from agricultural fields, dinner plates and pharmacies out into the “wild?” How do we make sense of controversies over GMOs (genetically modified organisms) when they are designed for public benefit and environmental restoration? Jason A. Delborne, Ph.D., explores the case of the genetically engineered (GE) American chestnut tree, which could be the first genetically modified organism (GMO) approved in the U.S. that is designed to spread and persist in unmanaged environments. Currently under regulatory review, the GE chestnut raises a host of ethical, political and social questions that require an interdisciplinary approach. Such complexity is what drives the research, teaching and outreach of NC State’s Genetic Engineering and Society Center.	An exploration of the case of the genetically engineered (GE) American chestnut tree, which could be the first genetically modified organism (GMO) approved in the U.S. that is designed to spread and persist in unmanaged environments.	<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.52750/260237" target="_blank">When Biotechnology Goes “Wild”: GE Chestnut Trees</a></h4>
STEPS to Tackle Our Phosphorus Paradox	Khara Grieger	2022	Grieger, K. (2022). STEPS to Tackle Our Phosphorus Paradox. Wicked Problems, Wolfpack Solutions. DOI: 10.52750/331886	STEPS, Phosphorus, Food Supply, Agriculture, Wolpack Solutions	Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for animals, plants and microbes. The current system to manage phosphorus is extremely inefficient. One major reason relates to the loss of phosphorus from the food chain, where it can bind to soils and transfer to animal wastes and run-off, which can lead to water pollution, algal blooms, eutrophication and even fish kills. Khara Grieger, Ph.D., argues that overall, our society needs more sustainable solutions to solve our global phosphorus paradox. The Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, led by researchers at NC State and in partnership with several other institutions, aims to facilitate these solutions through combining science, technology and innovation together with social sciences, communication and stakeholder engagement.	The current system to manage phosphorus is extremely inefficient. One major reason relates to the loss of phosphorus from the food chain, where it can transfer to animal wastes and run-off, which can lead to water pollution, algal blooms, eutrophication and fish kills.	<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.52750/331886" target="_blank">STEPS to Tackle Our Phosphorus Paradox</a></h4>
Responsible Innovation in Genetic Engineering	Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Kuzma, J. (2022). Responsible Innovation in Genetic Engineering. Wicked Problems, Wolfpack Solutions. DOI: 10.52750/542577	Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), Food Supply, Agriculture, Wolpack Solutions	As genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) become more ubiquitous in agricultural and environmental systems, it will be important for diverse publics to be informed about GEOs, where they occur in the food supply and ecosystem and what the societal impacts are likely to be. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is emerging as a set of principles and practices to give greater voice and choice to interested and affected publics well upstream of innovations entering the marketplace or environment. Jennifer Kuzma, Ph.D., argues for the need for embedding RRI in innovation systems for emerging biotechnologies and explores the challenges for doing so and addresses the “wicked problem” of how RRI can coexist within biotechnology oversight systems that lean towards the values of innovators, anti-precaution, and techno-optimism.	As genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) become more ubiquitous in agricultural and environmental systems, it will be important for diverse publics to be informed about GEOs, where they occur in the food supply and ecosystem and what the societal impacts are likely to be.	<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.52750/542577" target="_blank">Responsible Innovation in Genetic Engineering</a></h4>
Pathways to community timber production: A comparative analysis of two well-established community-based forest enterprises in Mexico and Brazil	Dawn Rodriguez-Ward	2022	Humphries, S., Kainer, K., Rodriguez-Ward, D., et al. (2022). “Pathways to community timber production: A comparative analysis of two well-established community-based forest enterprises in Mexico and Brazil” in Bulkan, J. Hobley, M., Larson, A. and J. Palmer, eds. Routledge Handbook on Community Forestry. DOI: 10.4324/9780367488710-7. PDF	Timber, Community-based Forest Enterprises (CFEs), Community Rights, Stakeholder Engagement	In this chapter, we analyse two forest-based communities with well-established community-based forest enterprises (CFEs) for timber production: Noh-Bec, an ejido with 36 years of CFE experience in southeast Mexico; and Arimum, a community with 14 years of CFE experience in a federal extractive reserve in the Brazilian Amazon. We contrast their struggles for community rights to forests in each region and describe each CFE’s initiation and current implementation. We utilise the Community Capitals Framework to contextualise each community’s initial assets and identify the types of community forestry–related local investments made by community members and others, and examine ways in which changes in community capitals relate to three broad dimensions of these communities’ well-being. We find similarities in cultural ties to the forest, investments in social and built capital, and financial capital challenges. We find differences in sources of support as well as human and natural capital. We observe that engagement in forest management for timber production by these two communities has been an important way (but certainly not the only way) for them to harness and leverage investments in their community capitals, which, in turn, have contributed to improvements in well-being, especially material well-being in the form of income.	A comparative analysis of two well-established community-based forest enterprises in Mexico and Brazil	<h4><a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780367488710-7/pathways-community-timber-production-shoana-humphries-karen-kainer-dawn-rodriguez-ward-ana-luiza-violato-espada-thomas-holmes-pascual-blanco-reyes-jones-da-silva-santos-maria-margarida-ribeiro-da-silva" target="_blank">Pathways to community timber production: A comparative analysis of two well-established community-based forest enterprises in Mexico and Brazil</a></h4>
Distributional policy impacts, WTP-WTA disparities, and the Kaldor-Hicks tests in benefit-cost analysis	Zack Brown	2022	Brown, Z. S. (2022). Distributional policy impacts, WTP-WTA disparities, and the Kaldor-Hicks tests in benefit-cost analysis. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 113, 102654. doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102654.
Governance of Gene-edited Plants: Insights from the History of Biotechnology Oversight and Policy Process Theory	Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Kuzma, J. (2022). Governance of Gene-edited Plants: Insights from the History of Biotechnology Oversight and Policy Process Theory. Science, Technology, & Human Values. doi: 10.1177/01622439221108225. PDF	Genome Editing, Policy Process Theory, Biotechnology, Regulation, Governance, GMO	The history of US biotechnology oversight for genetically modified plants is analyzed in the context of policy process theories to derive insights for contemporary governance of gene-edited plants. The Advocacy Coalition Framework sheds light on how opposing coalitions with different policy beliefs struggled to influence oversight, along with coalition disputes over the scope of issues that should be considered in regulatory policy-making. The Multiple Streams Approach and Punctuated Equilibrium Theory explain how focusing events arising from these struggles opened â€œwindows of opportunityâ€ to put issues on the public policy agenda and force changes to oversight over time. For example, nongovernmental organizations had a prominent role in bringing legal challenges through federal courts or in raising attention to risk issues in the mediaâ€”efforts that prompted advancements in federal regulations, guidance documents, or risk-mitigation practices for biotechnology oversight. These policy dynamics depended on public information to bring controversies to light and elicit a policy response. However, recent biotech regulations allow for gene-edited crops to enter the marketplace without requirements for public disclosure or tracking. Lack of transparency jeopardizes the public legitimacy of gene-edited crops, venues for public participation in biotechnology oversight, and ultimately responsiveness to adapt oversight to future biotech products and emerging risks.	The study delves into gene-editing policy, drawing on biotech history and policy theories. It uncovers how past conflicts and transformative events led to regulatory advancements. However, it raises concerns about the current lack of transparency for gene-edited crops, suggesting this could undermine public trust and hamper adaptation to future biotech products. The findings highlight the policy process's critical role in responsibly guiding gene-editing technology's evolution.	<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439221108225" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Governance of Gene-edited Plants: Insights from the History of Biotechnology Oversight and Policy Process Theory</a></h4>
Informing Environmental Health and Risk Priorities through Local Outreach and Extension	Khara Grieger, Christopher L. Cummings	2022	Grieger, K., Cummings, C.L. 2022. Informing Environmental Health and Risk Priorities through Local Outreach and Extension. Environment Systems and Decisions doi: 10.1007/s10669-022-09864-0 PDF	Environmental Health, Risks, Priorities, North Carolina, Extension	Our society is currently facing an unprecedented number of environmental and societal challenges. Stakeholder and community engagement can help identify priority issues and needs at local levels. One approach to engage stakeholders and communities in the contexts of environmental, health, and societal challenges is to leverage outreach and extension programs. Within this context, and to help identify priority issues to focus subsequent research and extension programs in North Carolina (NC), a survey was conducted with extension agents to identify priority issues as they relate to environmental health and risks and related needs. Based on responses from 66 study participants that represented half of the 100 NC counties, we found that Water pollution, Flooding, Natural resources management, and Engaging stakeholders were top priority issues across all environmental health and risk topics. Participants also identified that practices of Engaging stakeholders as well as Assessing, Managing, and Communicating risks were increasingly important. Participants indicated they needed a moderate-to-significant amount of guidance across a range of areas related to assessing, managing, communicating, andmaking decisions regarding environmental health and risk topics, as well as engaging with local communities. Outcomes from this work can not only help inform subsequent research and outreach efforts at local scales, but this work demonstrates a simple, low-cost approach to elicit perspectives and priorities can be leveraged in other states and regions with established stakeholder and community outreach programs more broadly		<h4><a href="" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Informing Environmental Health and Risk Priorities through Local Outreach and Extension</a></h4>
What Role Does Regulation Play in Responsible Innovation of Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture? Insights and Framings from U.S. Stakeholders	Ashton Merck, Khara Grieger, Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Merck, A. W., Grieger, K. D., Cuchiara, M., & Kuzma, J. (2022). What Role Does Regulation Play in Responsible Innovation of Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture? Insights and Framings from U.S. Stakeholders. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society. doi: 10.1177/02704676221102066. PDF	Responsible Innovation, Stakeholder Engagement, Nanotechnology, Food & Agriculture, Regulation	Historically, market regulation has played an important role in shaping the trajectory of scientific and technological innovation in food and agriculture. However, regulatorsâ€™ traditional focus on safety and efficacy may be insufficient to address more complex ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of novel products, such as the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in food and agriculture (nano-agrifoods). One solution might be to implement the principles of responsible innovation (RI) to challenge innovators and policymakers to better anticipate risks further upstream and be responsive to societal desires and concerns, although substantial barriers to implementation persist. This paper presents stakeholder views on the relationship between regulation and RI in nano-agrifoods based on a broader U.S. stakeholder engagement study conducted in the fall of 2020. We found that participants raised key issues that incorporated all 4 pillars of RI (anticipation, inclusion, reflexivity, responsiveness). We also found that participantsâ€™ attitudes about the relationship between regulation and innovation informed their recommendations about the relationship between regulation and RI. These attitudes are represented in a spectrum of views, ranging from â€œregulation as barrierâ€ to â€œregulation as driverâ€ of innovation. We further identified implications for how each attitude might be used to operationalize RI in regulatory systems. Overall, these results suggest that just as regulation drove key innovations in the twentieth century, regulation may still have a role to play in helping to promote RI of nano-agrifoods in the twenty-first.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221102066" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What Role Does Regulation Play in Responsible Innovation of Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture? Insights and Framings from U.S. Stakeholders</a></h4>
Who Trusts in Gene-Edited Foods? Analysis of a Representative Survey Study Predicting Willingness to Eat- and Purposeful Avoidance of Gene Edited Foods in the United States	Christopher L. Cummings	2022	Cummings C. and Peters D.J. Who Trusts in Gene-Edited Foods? Analysis of a Representative Survey Study Predicting Willingness to Eat- and Purposeful Avoidance of Gene Edited Foods in the United States. Front. Food. Sci. Technol. 2:858277. 01 June 2022. doi: 10.3389/frfst.2022.858277 . PDF	Gene Edited Food, Trust, Representative Survey, Food, Public Opinion	CRISPR-Cas, ZFN, and TALEN provide gene editing opportunities which may lead to new food and agricultural products with identifiable benefits for end-use consumers. Given the public perceptions and backlash faced by previous generations of genetically modified food products, there is a lot of speculation regarding how gene edited food products will come to be understood, and if they will be accepted or avoided by society. This study provides timely and reliable data which reports representative coordinated study of the United States public as to what factors influence their willingness to eat- or purposeful avoidance of gene-edited foods. This study fills this gap to identify influential factors which, in concert, help to explain not only if members of the public trust GEF and are willing to eat GEF foods or choose to avoid them, but why they hold the trust attitudes they do. From our analysis, we find that social values, institutional trust, and awareness are the most important factors in why Americans would choose to either eat or avoid gene edited foods. Surprisingly, the publicâ€™s attitudes about the tangible characteristics of food (such as safety, cost, taste, and appearance) had no bearing on GE food perceptions. This helps explains why the American public makes little distinction between willingness to eat processed or raw foods made with GE crops.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frfst.2022.858277" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Who Trusts in Gene-Edited Foods? Analysis of a Representative Survey Study Predicting Willingness to Eat- and Purposeful Avoidance of Gene Edited Foods in the United States</a></h4>
Lessons for a SECURE Future: Evaluating Diversity in Crop Biotechnology Across Regulatory Regimes	Dalton George, Eli Hornstein, Carrie Clower, Allison Coomber, DeShae Dillard, Nassib Mugwanya, Daniela Pezzini, Casey Rozowski	2022	George D.R., Hornstein E.D., Clower C.A., Coomber A.L., Dilliard D., Mugwanya N., Pezzini D.T., and Rozowski C. Lessons for a SECURE Future: Evaluating Diversity in Crop Biotechnology Across Regulatory Regimes. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 02 May 2022. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.886765. PDF.	Crop Biotechnology, SECURE Rule, Regulation, Diversity Trends, Innovation, United States	Regulation of next-generation crops in the United States under the newly implemented â€œSECUREâ€ rule promises to diversify innovation in agricultural biotechnology. Specifically, SECURE promises to expand the number of products eligible for regulatory exemption, which proponents theorize will increase the variety of traits, genes, organisms, and developers involved in developing crop biotechnology. However, few data-driven studies have looked back at the history of crop biotechnology to understand how specific regulatory pathways have affected diversity in crop biotechnology and how those patterns might change over time. In this article, we draw upon 30 years of regulatory submission data to 1) understand historical diversification trends across the landscape and history of past crop biotechnology regulatory pathways and 2) forecast how the new SECURE regulations might affect future diversification trends. Our goal is to apply an empirical approach to exploring the relationship between regulation and diversity in crop biotechnology and provide a basis for future data-driven analysis of regulatory outcomes. Based on our analysis, we suggest that diversity in crop biotechnology does not follow a single trajectory dictated by the shifts in regulation, and outcomes of SECURE might be more varied and restrictive despite the revamped exemption categories. In addition, the concept of confidential business information and its relationship to past and future biotechnology regulation is reviewed in light of our analysis.		<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.886765/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lessons for a SECURE Future: Evaluating Diversity in Crop Biotechnology Across Regulatory Regimes</a></h4>
Bioaccumulation and Translocation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate, GenX, and Perfluoroalkyl Acids by Urban Spontaneous Plants	Khara Grieger	2022	Zhi Y., Lu H., Grieger K.D., et al. Bioaccumulation and Translocation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate, GenX, and Perfluoroalkyl Acids by Urban Spontaneous Plants. ACS ES&T Engineering Article. April 18, 2022. DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.1c00423. PDF	GenX (HFPO-DA), 6:2 FTS, Urban Spontaneous Plants, Bioaccumulation, Phytoremediation	There is limited information available regarding the bioaccumulation potential of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in urban vegetation. Using a controlled greenhouse exposure setting, we investigated the bioaccumulation and translocation of select PFAS in four common urban spontaneous plants. Target compounds included legacy PFAS (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic and sulfonic acids, PFCA/PFSA), a fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), and an emerging fluorinated ether (i.e., hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), or GenX). Results from this study showed that bioaccumulation factors in root and shoot (BCFroot and BCFshoot) ranged from 0.7 to 83.6 and 0.95 to 26.9, respectively. Phyllanthus urinaria harbored the highest PFAS bioaccumulation capacity among the four urban weed species. The log BCFroot of PFCA homologues showed a concave shape as a function of chain length, while log BCFroot of PFSA increased with chain length. The BCFroot of GenX was lower than that of PFOA; likewise, 6:2 FTS bioaccumulated to a less extent than PFOS. Root uptake seemed to be the dominant accumulation mechanism for the shorter-chain compounds, whereas adsorption was the dominant mechanism for longer-chain compounds such as PFOA. BCFroot and BCFshoot showed consistent trends in response to foliar and root characteristics. Leaf area and average root diameter were the most correlated traits with PFAS bioaccumulation factors, with higher BCF values for plants with smaller leaves and finer roots. This study also provides an important basis for the role and selection of urban weeds in future PFAS bioaccumulation and translocation studies within urban settings.		<h4><a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00423" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bioaccumulation and Translocation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate, GenX, and Perfluoroalkyl Acids by Urban Spontaneous Plants</a></h4>
Formulating best practices for responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods through stakeholder insights and reflection	Khara Grieger, Ashton Merck, Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Grieger K., Merck A., Kuzma K. (2022) Formulating best practices for responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods through stakeholder insights and reflection. Journal of Responsible Technology 10. doi: 10.1016/j.jrt.2022.100030. PDF Graphical abstract	Nanotechnology, Food, Agriculture, Stakeholders, Responsible Innovation	Nanotechnology in food and agriculture (nano-agrifoods) may provide numerous benefits to society. At the same time, previous experiences have demonstrated the importance of innovating responsibly. This study reports on stakeholder-identified actions to address concerns about nano-agrifoods and actions to ensure their responsible innovation (RI). We find stakeholders largely supported actions to address risk and safety, followed by governance actions, the examination of â€˜need,â€™ and identification of clear benefits. Participants also indicated no actions would address their concerns in several cases, largely for nano-in food products without a clear â€˜needâ€™ and risk/benefit comparisons. We conclude by highlighting four best practices to foster RI of nano-agrifoods, with relevancy for other novel agrifood technologies, including the institutionalization of RI, education and training next generation of researchers and innovators, use of tiered approaches to implement RI principles at different levels and degrees, and incorporation of monitoring and learning systems to improve RI practices	Discusses stakeholder-identified actions for responsible innovation (RI) in nano-agrifoods, a field with potential benefits and risks. The research highlights four best practices: institutionalizing RI, training future researchers and innovators, implementing RI principles at different levels using a tiered approach, and introducing monitoring and learning systems to improve RI practices. These insights are relevant not just for nano-agrifoods, but for other novel agrifood technologies as well.	<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666659622000075" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Formulating best practices for responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods through stakeholder insights and reflection</a></h4>
Environmental Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminantsâ€”The Case of Nanomaterials	Khara Grieger	2022	Baun A., Grieger K. (2022) Environmental Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminantsâ€”The Case of Nanomaterials. In: Guo LH., Mortimer M. (eds) Advances in Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials and Emerging Contaminants. Springer, Singapore. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-9116-4_15. PDF	Risk Assessment, Nanomaterials, Uncertainty, Hazard, Exposure	Risk assessment is a powerful tool to help evaluate potential environmental and health risks of novel materials. However, traditional risk assessment frameworks and methods often face significant challenges when evaluating novel materials due to uncertainties and data gaps. Engineered nanomaterials is one prominent example of new, advanced materials whereby scientists, researchers and decision-makers are still discussing best practices to modify and update risk assessment frameworks after nearly two decades of research. This chapter focuses on how early warning signs within the environmental risk assessment development process for nanomaterials were addressed with a focus on characterizing uncertainty. We shed light on how environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials transitioned from a state of â€œknown unknownsâ€ to data-driven inputs to conducting risk assessments. We also discuss ecotoxicological testing considerations, and in particular how methodological and technical challenges were addressed. Finally, we provide recommendations on how best to transfer identified best practices and knowledge to other emerging technologies and advanced materials.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-9116-4_15" target "_blank">Environmental Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminantsâ€”The Case of Nanomaterials</a></h4>
Art's Work in the Age of Biotechnology: Shaping Our Genetic Futures	Hannah Star Rogers	2022	Hannah Star Rogers et al. Art's Work in the Age of Biotechnology: Shaping Our Genetic Futures. Leonardo 2022; 55 (1): 5â€“17. https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01966. Access PDF. Go to Art's Work/Genetic Futures website.	Art's Work/Genetic Futures, Exhibition, SciArt, Contemporary Art	Artâ€™s Work in the Age of Biotechnology: Shaping Our Genetic Futures is a multisite exhibition that explores artâ€™s relationship to biotechnology. The main exhibition was held at North Carolina State University, October 2019â€“March 2020, and was sponsored by the Genetic Engineering and Society Center, the North Carolina State University Libraries and the Gregg Museum of Art & Design. The project included a Field Trial exhibition at Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh (CAM Raleigh), a related interdisciplinary planning symposium and installations at the Gregg Museum of Art & Design, the D.H. Hill Jr. Library, the Hunt Library and the North Carolina Museum of Artâ€™s (NCMA) Ann and Jim Goodnight Museum Park, as well as a response symposium. The exhibition aimed to elicit discussion about genetics in society through provocative contemporary art and to offer viewers new ways to think about their role in the genetic revolution. Artists addressed questions often set aside in scientific conversations about biotechnology, including questions of access, sex and gender, race, the rights and roles of animals and the involvement of corporations.		<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/artswork-article-leonardo-2022/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Art's Work in the Age of Biotechnology: Shaping Our Genetic Futures</a></h4>
Should Gene Editing Be Used to Develop Crops for Continuous-Living-Cover Agriculture? A Multi-Sector Stakeholder Assessment Using a Cooperative Governance Approach	Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Jordan, N.R., Kuzma, J., Ray, D.K., Foot, K., Snider, M., Miller, K., et al. (2022) Should Gene Editing Be Used to Develop Crops for Continuous-Living-Cover Agriculture? A Multi-Sector Stakeholder Assessment Using a Cooperative Governance Approach. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.843093 PDF	Emerging Biotechnologies, Gene Editing, Continuous-Living-Cover (CLC) Crops, Cooperative Governance, Stakeholder Engagement	Continuous-living-cover (CLC) agriculture integrates multiple crops to create diversified agroecosystems in which soils are covered by living plants across time and space continuously. CLC agriculture can greatly improve production of many different ecosystem services from agroecosystems, including climate adaptation and mitigation. To go to scale, CLC agriculture requires crops that not only provide continuous living cover but are viable in economic and social terms. At present, lack of such viable crops is strongly limiting the scaling of CLC agriculture. Gene editing (GE) might provide a powerful tool for developing the crops needed to expand CLC agriculture to scale. To assess this possibility, a broad multi-sector deliberative group considered the merits of GEâ€”relative to alternative plant-breeding methodsâ€”as means for improving crops for CLC agriculture. The group included many of the sectors whose support is necessary to scaling agricultural innovations, including actors involved in markets, finance, policy, and R&D. In this article, we report findings from interviews and deliberative workshops. Many in the group were enthusiastic about prospects for applications of GE to develop crops for CLC agriculture, relative to alternative plant-breeding options. However, the group noted many issues, risks, and contingencies, all of which are likely to require responsive and adaptive management. Conversely, if these issues, risks, and contingencies cannot be managed, it appears unlikely that a strong multi-sector base of support can be sustained for such applications, limiting their scaling. Emerging methods for responsible innovation and scaling have potential to manage these issues, risks, and contingencies; we propose that outcomes from GE crops for CLC agriculture are likely to be much improved if these emerging methods are used to govern such projects. However, both GE of CLC crops and responsible innovation and scaling are unrefined innovations. Therefore, we suggest that the best pathway for exploring GE of CLC crops is to intentionally couple implementation and refinement of both kinds of innovations. More broadly, we argue that such pilot projects are urgently needed to navigate intensifying grand challenges around food and agriculture, which are likely to create intense pressures to develop genetically-engineered agricultural products and equally intense social conflict.		<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2022.843093" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Should Gene Editing Be Used to Develop Crops for Continuous-Living-Cover Agriculture? A Multi-Sector Stakeholder Assessment Using a Cooperative Governance Approach</a></h4>
Fostering Responsible Innovation through Stakeholder Engagement: Case Study of North Carolina Sweetpotato Stakeholders	Khara Grieger, Sebastian Zarate, Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Daniela Jones, Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Grieger, K., Zarate, S., Barnhill-Dilling, S.K., Hunt, S., Jones, D., Kuzma, J. 2022. Fostering Responsible Innovation through Stakeholder Engagement: Case Study of North Carolina Sweetpotato Stakeholders. Sustainability, 14, 2274. doi: 10.3390/su14042274 PDF	Responsible Innovation, Stakeholder Engagement, Sustainability, Sweetpotatoes	Stakeholder and community engagement are critical for the successful development of new technologies that aim to be integrated into sustainable agriculture systems. This study reports on an approach used to engage stakeholders within the sweetpotato community in North Carolina to understand their preferences, needs, and concerns as they relate to a new sensing and diagnostic platform. This work also demonstrates an example of real-time technology assessment that also fosters responsible innovation through inclusivity and responsiveness. Through the conduction of 29 interviews with sweetpotato stakeholders in North Carolina, we found that participants found the most value in detecting external sweetpotato characteristics, as well as the ability to use or connect to a smartphone that can be used in field. They also found value in including environmental parameters and having a Spanish language module. Most participants indicated that they were comfortable with sharing data as long as it benefited the greater North Carolina sweetpotato industry, and were concerned with sharing these data with â€œoutsideâ€ competitors. We also observed differences and variations between stakeholder groups. Overall, this work demonstrates a relatively simple, low-cost approach to eliciting stakeholder needs within a local agricultural context to improve sustainability, an approach that could be leveraged and transferred to other local agrifood systems.		<h4><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2274" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fostering Responsible Innovation through Stakeholder Engagement: Case Study of North Carolina Sweetpotato Stakeholders</a></h4>
Narrative policy framework at the macro levelâ€”cultural theory-based beliefs, science-based narrative strategies, and their uptake in the Canadian policy process for genetically modified salmon	Teshanee Williams, Jennifer Kuzma	2022	Williams TT, Kuzma J. Narrative policy framework at the macro levelâ€”cultural theory-based beliefs, science-based narrative strategies, and their uptake in the Canadian policy process for genetically modified salmon. Public Policy and Administration. February 2022. doi:10.1177/09520767211065609	Narrative Policy Framework, Cultural Theory, Genetically Modified Food	This study utilizes the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) and cultural theory to examine the use of policy narratives by coalitions (meso-level) and the institutional uptake (macro-level). We analyze Parliamentary hearings about genetically modified (GM) salmon in Canada to associate narrative strategies with certain cultural worldviews and policy-stances. We explore narrative strategies used by cultural groups with regard to whether they contain the scope of GM salmon issues to â€œscience-onlyâ€ (direct health and environmental impacts) or expand the issues to â€œscience-plusâ€ (to include broader economic, social, or cultural impacts). Finally, we examine whether certain framings of GM salmon issues or specific cultural narratives are preferentially taken up in the final policy documents generated after the hearings. Our findings reveal significant relationships between policy-stance (pro-vs anti-GM), the cultural disposition of a policy narrative, the narrative strategies being used, and ultimately policy uptake. For example, narratives with hierarchical cultural dispositions were more likely to expand the scope of the issue to science-plus when supporting their own policy position (typically pro-GM) but contain the scope to â€œscience-onlyâ€ when refuting an anti-GM policy-stance. With regard to policy uptake, final government documents referred more to narratives that contained the scope to â€œscience-onlyâ€ and expressed hierarchical or individualistic dispositions in comparison to the hearings. This study has practical implications for understanding whose perspectives and arguments are legitimized in national policy debates about GM foods. It also extends NPF theory to how narratives containing specific cultural dispositions and risk-based framings influence policy uptake at the macro-level.		<h4><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09520767211065609" target=_blank">Narrative policy framework at the macro levelâ€”cultural theory-based beliefs, science-based narrative strategies, and their uptake in the Canadian policy process for genetically modified salmon</a></h4>
Eliciting stakeholder perceptions using a novel online engagement platform: A case study on nano-agrifoods	Adam Kokotovich, Andrew Binder, Jennifer Kuzma, Khara Grieger	2022	Ruzante, J. M., Shumaker, E. T., Holt, S., Mayer, S., Kokotovich, A., Cuchiara, M., Binder, A. R., Kuzma, J., & Grieger, K. (2022). Eliciting stakeholder perceptions using a novel online engagement platform: A case study on nano-agrifoods. RTI Press. RTI Press Occasional Paper No. OP-0071-2201. doi: 10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0071.2201 PDF	Stakeholder Engagement, Nanotechnology, Governance, Responsible Innovation, Food, Agriculture	Stakeholder engagement is an important component in developing policies on critical issues such as the use and development of novel methods and technologies, including biotechnologies and nanotechnologies. Understanding the perspectives, needs, and concerns of stakeholder groups can facilitate the development of transparent and trusted policy recommendations. Innovative online research platforms have been developed as alternatives to typical stakeholder engagement methods such as in-person focus groups, interviews, and online and paper surveys. These platforms facilitate the engagement of geographically and linguistically (i.e., individuals who speak different languages) diverse stakeholders using a wide range of methods, from virtual focus groups to surveys. Stakeholders can participate at their own leisure and anonymously, which can facilitate more open interactions on issues where viewpoints may differ. In this work, we used an online stakeholder engagement platform (OSEP) to engage stakeholders and capture their perceptions and views about the application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture (nano-agrifood) and the role of responsible innovation in the development of nano-agrifood products. The OSEP provided a reliable and interactive environment for stakeholders to share their views and exchange ideas. Such OSEPs should be further explored as novel tools for engaging stakeholders on a range of issues from emerging technologies to public health.		<h4><a href="https://www.rti.org/rti-press-publication/nanotechnology-in-food" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eliciting stakeholder perceptions using a novel online engagement platform: A case study on nano-agrifoods</a></h4>
Stakeholder engagement to inform the risk assessment and governance of gene drive technology to manage spotted-wing drosophila	Adam Kokotovich, Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Johanna Elsensohn, Jason Delborne, Hannah Burrack	2022	Kokotovich, A.E., Barnhill-Dilling, S.K., Elsensohn, J.E., Li, R., Delborne, J.A., Burrack, H.. Stakeholder engagement to inform the risk assessment and governance of gene drive technology to manage spotted-wing drosophila. Journal of Environmental Management (2022). doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114480. PDF	Gene Drive, Stakeholder Engagement, Risk Assessment, Governance	Emerging biotechnologies, such as gene drive technology, are increasingly being proposed to manage a variety of pests and invasive species. As one method of genetic biocontrol, gene drive technology is currently being developed to manage the invasive agricultural pest spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, SWD). While there have been calls for stakeholder engagement on gene drive technology, there has been a lack of empirical work, especially concerning stakeholder engagement to inform risk assessment. To help address this gap and inform future risk assessments and governance decisions for SWD gene drive technology, we conducted a survey of 184 SWD stakeholders to explore how they define and prioritize potential benefits and potential adverse effects from proposed SWD gene drive technology. We found that stakeholders considered the most important potential benefits of SWD gene drive technology to be: 1) Decrease in the quantity or toxicity of pesticides used, and 2) Decrease in SWD populations. Stakeholders were most concerned about the potential adverse effects of: 1) Decrease in beneficial insects, 2) Increase in non-SWD secondary pest infestations, and 3) Decrease in grower profits. Notably, we found that even stakeholders who expressed support for the use of SWD gene drive technology expressed concerns about potential adverse effects from the technology, emphasizing the need to move past simplistic, dichotomous views of what it means to support or oppose a technology. These findings suggest that instead of focusing on the binary question of whether stakeholders support or oppose SWD gene drive technology, it is more important to identify and assess the factors that are consequential to stakeholder decision making â€“ including, for example, exploring whether and under what conditions key potential adverse effects and potential benefits would result from the use of SWD gene drive technology.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722000536?dgcid=coauthor" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stakeholder engagement to inform the risk assessment and governance of gene drive technology to manage spotted-wing drosophila</a></h4>
Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators	Kelly Nelson, Zack Brown	2022	Nelson, K.P., Parton, L.C., Brown, Z.S. Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators. Energy Policy 162 (2022) 112767. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112767. PDF	Biofuels, Patenting, Biotechnology, Bayesian Model Averaging	In the early 2000s, governments implemented policies stimulating the use of ethanol and biodiesel to reduce carbon emissions and encourage domestic energy production. Blend mandates requiring gasoline or diesel to contain a minimum percentage of these biofuels were a favored policy instrument. Theoretical work by Clancy and Moschini (2017) concluded that, if innovation were stimulated by mandates, then the socially optimal mandate would be higher than if innovation were not possible. We test the impact of blend mandates and other biofuels policies on innovation using measures of patenting activity that correspond with research effort and research output. Our analysis shows that ethanol blend mandates significantly increased both R&D effort and quality-weighted innovation output in biofuels technologies while reducing the R&D inputs to plant technologies. This suggests that biofuels innovation increased in response to the policies, with firms substituting some R&D effort away from plant technologies research. Despite decreased R&D effort, output of plant innovation held steady as effort shifted to biofuels, supporting the presence of a spillover effect between biofuels innovation and plant innovation. We find that biodiesel blend mandates did not significantly impact R&D efforts in either plant or biofuels technologies. Furthermore, policies other than blend mandates had varying effects, ranging from limited increases in R&D activity to significant decreases in innovation.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421521006339" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators</a></h4>
Responsible Innovation Definitions, Practices, and Motivations from Nanotechnology Researchers in Food and Agriculture	Adam Kokotovich, Jennifer Kuzma, Christopher L. Cummings, Khara Grieger	2021	Kokotovich, A.E., Kuzma, J., Cummings, C.L., Grieger, K.. Responsible Innovation Definitions, Practices, and Motivations from Nanotechnology Researchers in Food and Agriculture. Nanoethics (2021). doi: 10.1007/s11569-021-00404-9 PDF	Responsible Innovation, Nanotechnology, Food, Agriculture, Governance, Qualitative Research	The growth of responsible innovation (RI) scholarship has been mirrored by a proliferation of RI definitions and practices, as well as a recognition of the importance of context for RI. This study investigates how researchers in the field of nanotechnology for food and agriculture (nano-agrifoods) define and practice RI, as well as what motivations they see for pursuing RI. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with nano-agrifood researchers from industry and academia in the USA, where we asked them to describe their RI definitions, practices, and motivations. We analyzed the emergent themes from these interviews, including how the themes aligned with four prominent RI principles (anticipation, inclusion, reflexivity, responsiveness). We found that nano-agrifood researchers largely focused their descriptions of RI definitions, practices, and motivations around a narrow envisioning of the RI principle of anticipation â€” emphasizing product safety, efficacy, and efficiency. We also found noteworthy tensions surrounding the less frequently mentioned RI principles. For example, some researchers envisioned inclusion as a way to align products with industry interests while others saw it as a way to align products with the public good. Concerning motivations for RI, some researchers viewed RI as a way to protect oneâ€™s reputation and avoid lawsuits while others viewed it as a way to improve human well-being and solve societal problems. Given these findings, future efforts to foster RI within nano-agrifoods should promote discussions among researchers concerning what it means to responsibly innovate and what practices this could entail, particularly beyond ensuring product safety, efficacy, and efficiency.		<h4><a href="https://rdcu.be/cEHOW" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Responsible Innovation Definitions, Practices, and Motivations from Nanotechnology Researchers in Food and Agriculture</a></h4>
Deficits of Public Deliberation in U.S. Oversight for Gene Edited Organisms	Jennifer Kuzma	2021	Kuzma, Jennifer,“ Deficits of Public Deliberation in U.S. Oversight for Gene Edited Organisms,” in Gene Editing in the Wild: Shaping Decisions through Broad Public Deliberation, ed. Michael K. Gusmano et al., special report, Hastings Center Report 51, no. S2 (2021): S25– S33. DOI: 10.1002/hast.1317. PDF	Gene Editing, Public Engagement, Deliberation, Regulation, Governance, Risk Analysis	Environmental releases of gene edited (GEdOs) and gene drive organisms (GDOs) will likely occur under conditions of high uncertainty and in complex socioecological systems. Therefore, public deliberation is especially important to account for diverse interpretations of safety, risks, and benefits; to draw on experiential and public wisdom in areas of proposed release; to ameliorate dangers of technological optimism; and to increase the public legitimacy of decisions. Yet there is a â€œdemocratic deficitâ€ in the United States' oversight system for GEdOs and GDOs, as unconflicted experts, publics, and skeptical stakeholders are most often excluded from decision-making and unavailable to critically examine potential risks and benefits or raise broader concerns about socioeconomic or cultural impacts. This article argues for the need to open up decision-making for GEdOs and GDOs, discusses the challenges for doing so within the current oversight framework, and finally, proposes institutional, policy, and attitudinal changes that are likely important for overcoming barriers to public deliberation.		<h4><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hast.1317?af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Deficits of Public Deliberation in U.S. Oversight for Gene Edited Organisms</a></h4>
The Decision Phases Framework for Public Engagement: Engaging Stakeholders about Gene Editing in the Wild	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Adam Kokotovich, Jason Delborne	2021	Barnhill-Dilling, S. Kathleen, Kokotovich, Adam, and Delborne, Jason A., â€œThe Decision Phases Framework for Public Engagement: Engaging Stakeholders about Gene Editing in the Wild,â€ in Gene Editing in the Wild: Shaping Decisions through Broad Public Deliberation, ed. Michael K. Gusmano et al., special report, Hastings Center Report 51, no. S2 (2021): S48â€“ S61. DOI: 10.1002/hast.1320 PDF	Stakeholder Engagement, Environmental Biotechnologies, Gene Editing	Some experts and advocates propose environmental biotechnologies such as genetic engineering, gene drive systems, and synthetic biology as potential solutions to accelerating rates of species loss. While these tools may offer hope for a seemingly intractable problem, they also present potential governance challenges for which innovative decision-making systems are required. Two of the perennial governance challenges include, when are broader stakeholder groups involved in these decisions and who exactly should be involved? We propose the decision phases frameworkâ€”which includes research and development, regulatory review, and deployment, management, and monitoringâ€”as a framework for identifying which stakeholders might be best suited for different phases throughout the innovation and deployment of emerging environmental biotechnologies for species protection.		<h4><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hast.1320" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Decision Phases Framework for Public Engagement: Engaging Stakeholders about Gene Editing in the Wild</a></h4>
Genome evolution in an agricultural pest following adoption of transgenic crops	Fred Gould	2021	Katherine L. Taylor, Kelly A. Hamby, Alexandra M. DeYonke, Fred Gould, Megan L. Fritz. Genome evolution in an agricultural pest following adoption of transgenic crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Dec 2021, 118 (52) e2020853118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020853118 PDF	Helicoverpa Zea, Bt Resistance, Temporal Genomic Change, Polygenic Adaptation	Replacing synthetic insecticides with transgenic crops for pest management has been economically and environmentally beneficial, but these benefits erode as pests evolve resistance. It has been proposed that novel genomic approaches could track molecular signals of emerging resistance to aid in resistance management. To test this, we quantified patterns of genomic change in Helicoverpa zea, a major lepidopteran pest and target of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, between 2002 and 2017 as both Bt crop adoption and resistance increased in North America. Genomic scans of wild H. zea were paired with quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses and showed the genomic architecture of field-evolved Cry1Ab resistance was polygenic, likely arising from standing genetic variation. Resistance to pyramided Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 toxins was controlled by fewer loci. Of the 11 previously described Bt resistance genes, 9 showed no significant change over time or major effects on resistance. We were unable to rule out a contribution of aminopeptidases (apns), as a cluster of apn genes were found within a Cry-associated QTL. Molecular signals of emerging Bt resistance were detectable as early as 2012 in our samples, and we discuss the potential and pitfalls of whole-genome analysis for resistance monitoring based on our findings. This first study of Bt resistance evolution using whole-genome analysis of field-collected specimens demonstrates the need for a more holistic approach to examining rapid adaptation to novel selection pressures in agricultural ecosystems.		<h4><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/118/52/e2020853118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Genome evolution in an agricultural pest following adoption of transgenic crops</a></h4>
Responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods: Insights and views from U.S. stakeholders	Khara Grieger, Ashton Merck, Andrew Binder, Adam Kokotovich, Christopher L. Cummings, Jennifer Kuzma	2021	Grieger, K.D, Merck, A.W., Cuchiara, M., Binder, A.R., Kokotovich, A., Cummings, C.L., Kuzma, J. Responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods: Insights and views from U.S. stakeholders. NanoImpact, Volume 24, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100365. PDF	Food And Agriculture, Nanotechnology, Responsible Innovation, Stakeholder Engagement	To date, there has been little published work that has elicited diverse stakeholder views of nano-agrifoods and of how nano-agrifoods align with the goals of responsible innovation. This paper aims to fill this research gap by investigating views of nano-agrifoods, how well their development adheres to principles of responsible innovation, and potential challenges for achieving responsible nano-agrifood innovation. Using an online engagement platform, we find that U.S. stakeholder views of responsible innovation were dominated by environmental, health, and safety (EHS) contexts, considerations of societal impacts, opportunities for stakeholder engagement, and responding to societal needs. These views overlap with scholarly definitions of responsible innovation, albeit stakeholders were more focused on impacts of products, while the field of responsible innovation strives for more â€œupstreamâ€ considerations of the process of innovation. We also find that views of nano-agrifoods differed across applications with dietary supplements and improved whitening of infant formula viewed least favorably, and environmental health or food safety applications viewed most favorably. These findings align with the larger body of literature, whereby stakeholders are expected to be more supportive of nanotechnology used in agricultural applications compared to directly within food and food supplements. Overall, participants indicated they held relatively neutral views on research and innovation for nano-agrifoods being conducted responsibly, and they identified key challenges to ensuring their responsible innovation that were related to uncertainties in EHS studies, the need for public understanding and acceptance, and adequate regulation. In light of these results, we recommend future research efforts on EHS impacts and risk-benefit frameworks for nano-agrifoods, better understanding stakeholder views on what constitutes effective regulation, and addressing challenges with effective regulation and responsible innovation practices. Graphical abstract		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452074821000744?via=ihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods: Insights and views from U.S. stakeholders</a></h4>
Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview/EdiciÃ³n gÃ©nica aplicada a la agricultura: Resumen del marco regulatorio regional	Jennifer Kuzma, Todd Kuiken	2021	Todd Kuiken and Jennifer Kuzma. July 2021. Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview/EdiciÃ³n gÃ©nica aplicada a la agricultura: Resumen del marco regulatorio regional. Inter-American Development Bank. DOI: 10.18235/0003410. English version/VersiÃ³n en espaÃ±ol	Regulation, Governance, CRISPR, Latin America, Genome Editing, Inter-American Development Bank	As discussed throughout this document, many countries in the LAC region have established genome editing specific governance systems while others have not specifically implemented genome editing specific governance systems and appear to include them in their current biosafety frameworks. While much of the LAC region appears to be coalescing around a similar interpretation of how genome editing will be governed, it is not yet clear if or how international treaties governing these tools (e.g., Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity) will ultimately decide. This discussion document is a starting point at assessing the landscape of genome editing oversight in LAC, and it provides a broad overview of the state of GMO crops and gene edited crops governance in nine selected countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay).		<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/idb-crispr/#resources" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview/EdiciÃ³n gÃ©nica aplicada a la agricultura: Resumen del marco regulatorio regional</a></h4>
Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy/ EdiciÃ³n gÃ©nica aplicada a la agricultura: Politicas de patentes y licencias CRISPR en AmericÃ¡ Latina	Margo Bagley	2021	Margo Bagley. July 2021. Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy/ EdiciÃ³n gÃ©nica aplicada a la agricultura: Politicas de patentes y licencias CRISPR en AmericÃ¡ Latina. Inter-American Development Bank. DOI: 10.18235/0003409. English version/VersiÃ³n en espaÃ±ol	Intellectual Property, CRISPR, Latin America, Genome Editing, Inter-American Development Bank	The goal of this discussion document is to provide an overview of the CRISPR plant agriculture patent landscape, as well as to identify and describe key licensing protocols for Latin American companies and institutes interested in engaging in CRISPR plant agricultural research. Part II describes the numbers and locations of CRISPR plant agriculture-related patents being pursued in the Latin American countries of interest for this study (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay) as well as the organizations behind the filings. Part III identifies the holders of foundational CRISPR plant agriculture-related patents and describes their general licensing protocols necessary for deploying the technology in the region. The brief concludes by noting that the CRISPR plant agriculture patent landscape is changing rapidly, and it will be incumbent on researchers to regularly assess the need for licenses from other entities.		<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/idb-crispr/#resources" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy/ EdiciÃ³n gÃ©nica aplicada a la agricultura: Politicas de patentes y licencias CRISPR en AmericÃ¡ Latina</a></h4>
Fred Gould: Indeed, I Was a Hippie	Fred Gould	2021	Marlin E Rice. Fred Gould: Indeed, I Was a Hippie. American Entomologist, Volume 67, Issue 2, Summer 2021, Pages 14â€“20, https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmab029 PDF	Fred Gould, Entomology			<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmab029" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fred Gould: Indeed, I Was a Hippie</a></h4>
Stakeholder Perspectives on Modified Foliar Fungal Endophytes	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Jason Delborne	2021	S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling, Jason A. Delborne. Stakeholder Perspectives on Modified Foliar Fungal Endophytes. Genetic Engineering and Society Center, NC State University. September 2021. Online at https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/fun-crops. PDF	FUN-CROPS, Foliar Fungal Endophytes, Bioengineering, Regulation, Governance			<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/fun-crops/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stakeholder Perspectives on Modified Foliar Fungal Endophytes</a></h4>
How might bioengineered fungal endophytes be regulated in the U.S.?	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Jason Delborne	2021	S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling, Jason A. Delborne. How might bioengineered fungal endophytes be regulated in the U.S.? Genetic Engineering and Society Center, NC State University. July 2021. Online at https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/fun-crops. PDF	FUN-CROPS, Foliar Fungal Endophytes, Bioengineering, Stakeholder Engagement			<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/fun-crops/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
Application of Gene Editing for Climate Change in Agriculture	Modesta Abugu	2021	Karavolias NG, Horner W, Abugu MN, and Evanega SN (2021). Application of Gene Editing for Climate Change in Agriculture. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 5:685801. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.685801. PDF	Gene Edited Crops, Livestock Genetics, Climate Change, Agriculture, Food System, Food Security, Crop Biotechnology	Climate change imposes a severe threat to agricultural systems, food security, and human nutrition. Meanwhile, efforts in crop and livestock gene editing have been undertaken to improve performance across a range of traits. Many of the targeted phenotypes include attributes that could be beneficial for climate change adaptation. Here, we present examples of emerging gene editing applications and research initiatives that are aimed at the improvement of crops and livestock in response to climate change, and discuss technical limitations and opportunities therein. While only few applications of gene editing have been translated to agricultural production thus far, numerous studies in research settings have demonstrated the potential for potent applications to address climate change in the near future.		<h4><a href="" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Application of Gene Editing for Climate Change in Agriculture</a></h4>
Free-ranging cats: Understanding conflict and the potential for engagement	Adam Kokotovich, Jason Delborne	2021	Kokotovich, A. E., J. A. Delborne, K. Redford, T. Cook, E. Leslie, J. Sieracki, and D. Trevino. 2021. Free-ranging cats: Understanding conflict and the potential for engagement. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/BRD/NRRâ€”2021/2297. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. doi: 10.36967/nrr-2287250 PDF	National Park Service, Free Ranging Cats, Biodiversity, Public Engagement, Stakeholder Conflict	Free-ranging domestic cats (Felis catus)â€”cats that spend any of their time outside and unconfinedâ€”pose a challenge to the National Park Service (NPS) because of their potential negative impacts to biodiversity and because of the history of stakeholder conflict around their management. In the face of recent calls for a more collaborative approach to management, we examined the conflict among free-ranging cat stakeholders and explored how engagement could be used to help inform NPS decision making. First, we analyzed position statements on free-ranging cats from key national-level organizations to understand how they differ and their implications for approaches to engagement. Second, we interviewed twelve stakeholders who have been involved with free-ranging cat issues at the national level to explore, at a deeper level, what contributes to free-ranging cat conflict, whether engagement is possible, and what might support a collaborative approach. We found that despite the frequent framing of free-ranging cat management as a two-sided issue, 1) all groups agreed upon the goal of having fewer free-ranging cats, and 2) management preferences reflected greater diversity than simple polarization. In addition, interviewees widely, although not unanimously, agreed on the need for a more collaborative and less conflictual approach to free-ranging cat management and highlighted two key factors that could help: 1) recognizing the importance of ecological and social contexts in considering the impact of free-ranging cats and appropriate management actions, and 2) navigating polarization, in part by improving relationships. We conclude by offering eight recommended approaches for NPS free-ranging cat engagement.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287250" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Free-ranging cats: Understanding conflict and the potential for engagement</a></h4>
Risk Screening Tools for Engineering Nanomaterials	Khara Grieger	2021	Grieger, K., Isigonis, P., Franken, R., Wigger, H., Bossa, N., Janer, G., Rycroft, T., Kennedy, A., Hansen, S.F. 2021. Chapter 5: Risk Screening Tools for Engineering Nanomaterials. IN: Ethics in Nanotechnology: Social Sciences and Philosophical Aspects, edited by Marcel Van de Voorde and Gunjan Jeswani, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2021, pp. 89-108. doi: 10.1515/9783110719932-005	Environmental Health And Safety, Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, Risk Screening	It has now been more than 15 years since scientists, researchers, risk analyzers, policymakers, and other decision-makers initiated comprehensive investigations into the potential environmental, health, and safety risks of engineered nanomaterials. During this time, various tools have been proposed and/or developed to screen potential environmental, health, and safety risks of engineered nanomaterials. Risk screening tools provide a first-tiered, screening-level evaluation to better understand risks without significant time and resource investments. Stakeholders interested in obtaining an initial screen of potential environmental, health, and safety risks of a nanomaterial or product may find risk screening tools particularly useful to formulate decisions, and/or communicate potential risks to stakeholders. This chapter overviews five leading risk screening tools developed specifically for nanomaterials: NanoRiskCat, Swiss Precautionary Matrix, LICARA nanoSCAN, NanoGRID, and GUIDEnano. The selected tools differ in scope, aims, underlying methodologies, and generated output. These tools were selected for further exploration due to the maturity of their development, application in multiple case studies, projects, and initiatives. After highlighting the main features of each of the risk screening tools, we provide brief guidance on their use and formulate broad recommendations for the field of nanomaterial risk screening tool development.		<h4><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110719932-005/html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Risk Screening Tools for Engineering Nanomaterials</a></a></h4>
Influence of Natural Organic Matter and pH on Phosphate Removal by and Lanthanum Release from Lanthanum-Modified Bentonite	Khara Grieger	2021	Zhi, Y., Call, D., Grieger, K., Duckworth, O., Jones, J.L., Knappe, D. 2021. Influence of Natural Organic Matter and pH on Phosphate Removal by and Lanthanum Release from Lanthanum-Modified Bentonite. Water Research; doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117399. PDF	Eutrophication, Lake Restoration, Lanthanum Release, Humic And Fulvic Acid, Phosphate Management	Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) has been applied to eutrophic lakes to reduce phosphorus (P) concentrations in the water column and mitigate P release from sediments. Previous experiments suggest that natural organic matter (NOM) can interfere with phosphate (PO4)-binding to LMB and exacerbate lanthanum (La)-release from bentonite. This evidence served as motivation for this study to systematically determine the effects of NOM, solution pH, and bentonite as a La carrier on P removal. We conducted both geochemical modeling and controlled-laboratory batch kinetic experiments to understand the pH-dependent impacts of humic and fulvic acids on PO4-binding to LMB and La release from LMB. The role of bentonite was studied by comparing PO4 removal obtained by LMB and La3+ (added as LaCl3 salt to represent the La-containing component of LMB). Our results from both geochemical modeling and batch experiments indicate that the PO4-binding ability of LMB is decreased in the presence of NOM, and the decrease is more pronounced at pH 8.5 than at 6. At the highest evaluated NOM concentration (28 mg C Lâˆ’1), PO4-removal by La3+ was substantially lower than that by LMB, implying that bentonite clay in LMB shielded La from interactions with NOM, while still allowing PO4capture by La. Finally, the presence of NOM promoted La-release from LMB, and the amount of La released depended on solution pH and both the type (i.e., fulvic/humic acid ratio) and concentration of NOM. Overall, these results provide an important basis for management of P in lakes and eutrophication control that relies on LMB applications.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117399" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Influence of Natural Organic Matter and pH on Phosphate Removal by and Lanthanum Release from Lanthanum-Modified Bentonite</a></h4>
Can Comorbidity Data Explain Cross-State and Cross-National Difference in COVID-19 Death Rates?	Christopher L. Cummings	2021	Cegan JC, Trump BD, Cibulsky SM, Collier ZA, Cummings CL, Greer SL, Jarman H, Klasa K, Kleinman G, Surette MA, Wells E, Linkov I. Can Comorbidity Data Explain Cross-State and Cross-National Difference in COVID-19 Death Rates? Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021;14:2877-2885. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S313312. PDF	Comorbidity, Health Outcomes, COVID-19, Mortality Rates	Many efforts to predict the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, and mortality rely on age and comorbidities. These predictions are foundational to learning, policymaking, and planning for the pandemic, and therefore understanding the relationship between age, comorbidities, and health outcomes is critical to assessing and managing public health risks. From a US government database of 1.4 million patient records collected in May 2020, we extracted the relationships between age and number of comorbidities at the individual level to predict the likelihood of hospitalization, admission to intensive care, and death. We then applied the relationships to each US state and a selection of different countries in order to see whether they predicted observed outcome rates. We found that age and comorbidity data within these geographical regions do not explain much of the international or within-country variation in hospitalization, ICU admission, or death. Identifying alternative explanations for the limited predictive power of comorbidities and age at the population level should be considered for future research.		<h4><a href="https://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=66716" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Can Comorbidity Data Explain Cross-State and Cross-National Difference in COVID-19 Death Rates?</a></h4>
The politics of genetic technoscience for conservation: The case of blight-resistant American chestnut	Jessica Cavin Barnes, Jason Delborne	2021	Barnes, Jessica C. and Jason A. Delborne. The politics of genetic technoscience for conservation: The case of blight-resistant American chestnut. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. June 2021. doi:10.1177/25148486211024910. PDF	Genetic Engineering, Neoliberalism, Double Movement, Forest Biotechnology, Ecological Restoration	Innovations in genetics and genomics have been heavily critiqued as technologies that have widely supported the privatization and commodification of natural resources. However, emerging applications of these tools to ecological restoration challenge narratives that cast genetic technoscience as inevitably enrolled in the enactment and extension of neoliberal capitalism. In this paper, we draw on Langdon Winnerâ€™s theory of technological politics to suggest that the context in which genetic technologies are developed and deployed matters for their political outcomes. We describe how genetic approaches to the restoration of functionally extinct American chestnut treesâ€”by non-profit organizations, for the restoration of a wild, heritage forest species, and with unconventional intellectual property protectionsâ€”are challenging precedents in the political economy of plant biotechnology. Through participant observation, interviews with scientists, and historical analysis, we employ the theoretical lens provided by Karl Polanyiâ€™s double movement to describe how the anticipations and agency of the developers of blight-resistant American chestnut trees, combined with chestnut biology and the context of restoration, have thus far resisted key forms of the genetic privatization and commodification of chestnut germplasm. Still, the politics of blight-resistant American chestnut remain incomplete and undetermined; we thus call upon scholars to use the uneven and socially constructed character of both technologies and neoliberalism to help shape this and other applications of genetic technoscience for conservation.		<h4><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/25148486211024910" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The politics of genetic technoscience for conservation: The case of blight-resistant American chestnut</a></h4>
Cultural Beliefs and Stakeholder Affiliation Influence Attitudes Towards Responsible Research and Innovation Among United States Stakeholders Involved in Biotechnology and Gene Editing	Jennifer Kuzma, Christopher L. Cummings	2021	Kuzma, Jennifer and Christopher L. Cummings. Cultural Beliefs and Stakeholder Affiliation Influence Attitudes Towards Responsible Research and Innovation Among United States Stakeholders Involved in Biotechnology and Gene Editing. Frontiers in Political Science 24 June 2021, Vol. 3, DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2021.677003. PDF	Responsible Innovation, RRI, CCE-STEM, Public Engagement, Advocacy Coalition Framework, Gene Editing, CRISPR	Biotech developers are concerned about the future of gene editing having experienced the contentious history of first-generation GM foods. They have also expressed desires to do better with public engagement in gene-editing innovation. The framework of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) may provide a way forward to act on their desires for greater public legitimacy. However, in the United States, -there has also been reluctance to incorporate RRI into biotechnology innovation systems like gene editing in food and agriculture. In this article, we investigate individual- and group-level factors, including demographic, sociographic, and cultural factors, that influence attitudes towards RRI among biotechnology United States stakeholders. Using the Advocacy Coalition Frameworkâ€™s (ACF) hierarchy of beliefs as a theoretical guide, biotechnology stakeholders (n = 110) were surveyed about their cultural (deep-core) beliefs and then about their attitudes towards principles (policy-core beliefs) and practices (secondary beliefs) of RRI applied to biotechnology innovation. Through statistical analysis of the results, we found significant relationships between stronger egalitarian cultural-beliefs and positive attitudes towards both the principles and practices of RRI. We also found that participants with higher levels of experience held more positive attitudes towards principles of RRI. In contrast, we found a significant inverse relationship between professional affiliation with industry or trade organizations and attitudes towards RRI practices. With these results, we present a model of factors that influence RRI attitudes for future testing. In closing, we interpret the results in the context of ACF to examine the potential for building cross-sector coalitions for practicing RRI within United States gene-editing innovation systems.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.677003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cultural Beliefs and Stakeholder Affiliation Influence Attitudes Towards Responsible Research and Innovation Among United States Stakeholders Involved in Biotechnology and Gene Editing</a></h4>
Barriers to responsible innovation of nanotechnology applications in food and agriculture: A study of US experts and developers	Christopher L. Cummings, Jennifer Kuzma, Adam Kokotovich, Khara Grieger	2021	Cummings Christopher L., Kuzma Jennifer, Kokotovich Adam, Glas David, Grieger Khara (2021). Barriers to responsible innovation of nanotechnology applications in food and agriculture: A study of US experts and developers. NanoImpact, 100326, ISSN 2452-0748. doi:10.1016/j.impact.2021.100326. PDF	Responsible Innovation, Nanotechnology, Nano-Agrifood	The use of nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials in food and agriculture (nano-agrifood) sectors is intended to provide several potential benefits to consumers and society, such as the provision of more nutritious processed foods, edible food coatings to extend shelf lives of fresh cut produce, and more sustainable alternatives to traditional agrochemicals. The responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods may be particularly important to pursue given previous case studies involving other agrifood technologies that experienced significant public consternation. Here, we define responsible innovation following Stilgoej et al. (2013) that establishes processes to iteratively review and reflect upon one's innovation, engage stakeholders in dialogue, and to be open and transparent throughout innovation stages â€“ processes that go beyond primary focuses of understanding environmental, health, and safety impacts of nano-enabled products and implementing safe-by-design principles. Despite calls for responsible nano-innovation across diverse sectors, it has not yet been clear what types of barriers are faced by nano-agrifood researchers and innovators in particular. This study therefore identifies and builds the first typology of barriers to responsible innovation as perceived by researchers and product developers working in nano-agrifood sectors in the United States. Our findings report 5 key barriers to responsible innovation of nano-agrifoods: Lack of Data (reported by 70% of all interview participants, and represented 34.6% of all barrier-related excerpts), Lack of Product Oversight (reported by 60% of participants, and represented 28.7% of excerpts), Need for Ensuring Marketability & Use (reported by 70% of participants, and represented 21.3% of all barrier-related excerpts), Need for Increased Collaboration (reported by 40% of participants, and represented 10.3% of excerpts), and finally Lack of Adequate Training & Workforce (reported by 30% of participants, and represented by 5.1% of excerpts). We also relate these key barriers across three main nano-innovation phases, including 1) Scientific and Technical R&D, 2) Product Oversight, and 3) Post-commercialization Marketability & Use, and discuss how these barriers may impact stakeholders as well as present opportunities to align with principles of responsible innovation. Overall, these findings may help illuminate challenges that researchers and innovators face in the pursuit of responsible innovation relevant for the field of nanotechnology with relevancy for other emerging food and agricultural technologies more broadly.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2452074821000355" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Barriers to responsible innovation of nanotechnology applications in food and agriculture: A study of US experts and developers</a></h4>
New Bioengineered (aka GM) Food Disclosure Law: Useful Information or Consumer Confusion?	Jennifer Kuzma	2021	Gregory Jaffe and Jennifer Kuzma. "New Bioengineered (aka GM) Food Disclosure Law: Useful Information or Consumer Confusion?" Food and Drug Law Institute. https://www.fdli.org/2021/04/new-bioengineered-aka-gm-food-disclosure-law-useful-information-or-consumer-confusion. Accessed 28 April 2021. PDF	Bioengineered Food, Regulation, Governance, Transparency, Labeling			<h4><a href="https://www.fdli.org/2021/04/new-bioengineered-aka-gm-food-disclosure-law-useful-information-or-consumer-confusion" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New Bioengineered (aka GM) Food Disclosure Law: Useful Information or Consumer Confusion?</a></h4>
Whose intentions? What consequences? Interrogating â€œIntended Consequencesâ€ for conservation with environmental biotechnology	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Jason Delborne	2021	Barnhill-Dilling, SK and Delborne, JA. Whose intentions? What consequences? Interrogating â€œIntended Consequencesâ€ for conservation with environmental biotechnology. Conservation Science and Practice 2021; e406. doi: 10.1111/csp2.406. PDF	Biotechnology, Conservation, Responsible Research And Innovation	Novel genetic interventions may offer innovative solutions to environmental conservation challenges, but they also represent new kinds of risks and concerns for diverse publics. Yet, by focusing on potential negative outcomes of emerging technologies like gene editing, their potential utility in species protection could lead to overblown fears of unknown and unanticipated consequences. In response, Revive and Restore organized a workshop in June 2020 entitled, â€œIntended Consequences,â€ to highlight conservation successes in the discourse and governance of genomic interventions. This article argues that if we seek to emphasize Intended Consequences to embolden innovative conservation efforts, we must simultaneously query whose intentions are included and what consequences are considered to ensure that environmental goals are accompanied by the goals of responsibility, democracy, and justice. These questions reveal that the governance and management of conservation interventions always rest upon value judgements. Inspired and informed by the Responsible Research and Innovation framework, we encourage anticipation of potential outcomes, reflection on assumptions and intentions, inclusion of diverse stakeholders and perspectives, and a commitment to responding thoughtfully to concerns and preferences of communities and broader publics.		<h4><a href="https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/csp2.406" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Whose intentions? What consequences? Interrogating â€œIntended Consequencesâ€ for conservation with environmental biotechnology</a></h4>
Intended consequences statement	Jason Delborne, J. Royden Saah	2021	Phelan, R, Baumgartner, B, Brand, S... Delborne, JA, Saah, JR, et al. Intended consequences statement. Conservation Science and Practice 2021; e371. doi: 10.1111/csp2.371. PDF	Biodiversity, Public Engagement, Conservation, Emerging Technologies	As the biodiversity crisis accelerates, the stakes are higher for threatened plants and animals. Rebuilding the health of our planet will require addressing underlying threats at many scales, including habitat loss and climate change. Conservation interventions such as habitat protection, management, restoration, predator control, translocation, genetic rescue, and biological control have the potential to help threatened or endangered species avert extinction. These existing, wellâ€tested methods can be complemented and augmented by more frequent and faster adoption of new technologies, such as powerful new genetic tools. In addition, synthetic biology might offer solutions to currently intractable conservation problems. We believe that conservation needs to be bold and clearâ€eyed in this moment of great urgency.		<h4><a href="https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/csp2.371" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Intended consequences statement</a></h4>
Ugandan stakeholder hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control: new directions for gene drive risk governance	Adam Kokotovich	2021	Hartley, S., Smith, R.D.J., Kokotovich, A. et al. Ugandan stakeholder hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control: new directions for gene drive risk governance. Malar J 20, 149 (2021). doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03682-6 PDF	Malaria Control, Gene Drive Mosquitoes, Uganda, Stakeholders, Risk Governance, Risk Assessment, Target Malaria	The African Unionâ€™s High-Level Panel on Emerging Technologies identified gene drive mosquitoes as a priority technology for malaria elimination. The first field trials are expected in 5â€“10 years in Uganda, Mali or Burkina Faso. In preparation, regional and international actors are developing risk governance guidelines which will delineate the framework for identifying and evaluating risks. Scientists and bioethicists have called for African stakeholder involvement in these developments, arguing the knowledge and perspectives of those people living in malaria-afflicted countries is currently missing. However, few African stakeholders have been involved to date, leaving a knowledge gap about the local social-cultural as well as ecological context in which gene drive mosquitoes will be tested and deployed. This study investigates and analyses Ugandan stakeholdersâ€™ hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control and explores the new directions needed for risk governance.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-021-03682-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ugandan stakeholder hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control: new directions for gene drive risk governance</a></h4>
COVID-19: how a self-monitoring checklist can empower early intervention and slow disease progression	Christopher L. Cummings	2021	Cummings, C.L., Miller, C.S. COVID-19: how a self-monitoring checklist can empower early intervention and slow disease progression. Environ Syst Decis (2021). doi: 10.1007/s10669-021-09806-2. PDF	COVID-19, Risk, Early Intervention, Risk Response	The SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus pandemic has revealed many scientific, social, and institutional challenges required to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals stricken by this disease. While organizations and governing institutions have risen to the task to concurrently prepare for and respond to this pandemic under conditions of high uncertainty and extreme pressure, another important aspect of this viral infection deserves attention and is not being fully considered, that is early intervention strategies and structured tools for individuals who test positive for the virus and begin developing symptoms. For those whose infection is progressing, we describe the potential benefits of a self-monitoring tool for use in combination with physician directed early medical interventions to slow COVID-19 progression.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10669-021-09806-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">COVID-19: how a self-monitoring checklist can empower early intervention and slow disease progression</a></h4>
Social signals mediate oviposition site selection in Drosophila suzukii	Johanna Elsensohn, Hannah Burrack	2021	Elsensohn, J.E., Aly, M.F.K., Schal, C., Burrack, H.J.. Social signals mediate oviposition site selection in Drosophila suzukii. Sci Rep 11, 3796 (2021). doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83354-2	Agroecology, Behavioural Ecology, Invasive Species, Microbial Ecology	The information that female insects perceive and use during oviposition site selection is complex and varies by species and ecological niche. Even in relatively unexploited niches, females interact directly and indirectly with conspecifics at oviposition sites. These interactions can take the form of host marking and re-assessment of prior oviposition sites during the decision-making process. Considerable research has focused on the niche breadth and host preference of the polyphagous invasive pest Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), but little information exists on how conspecific signals modulate oviposition behavior. We investigated three layers of social information that female D. suzukii may use in oviposition site selectionâ€”(1) pre-existing egg density, (2) pre-existing larval occupation, and (3) host marking by adults. We found that the presence of larvae and host marking, but not egg density, influenced oviposition behavior and that the two factors interacted over time. Adult marking appeared to deter oviposition only in the presence of an unmarked substrate. These results are the first behavioral evidence for a host marking pheromone in a species of Drosophila. These findings may also help elucidate D. suzukii infestation and preference patterns within crop fields and natural areas.		<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83354-2">Social signals mediate oviposition site selection in <em>Drosophila suzukii</em></a></h4>
(Broken) Promises of Sustainable Food and Agriculture through New Biotechnologies: The CRISPR Case	Todd Kuiken, Rodolphe Barrangou, Khara Grieger	2021	Kuiken T, Barrangou R, Grieger K. (Broken) Promises of Sustainable Food and Agriculture through New Biotechnologies: The CRISPR Case. CRISPR J. 2021 Feb 10:1-7. doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0098.PDF	CRISPR, Stakeholder Engagement, Responsible Research And Innovation	In recent years, the development of diverse CRISPR-based technologies has revolutionized genome manipulation and enabled a broad scientific community in industry, academia, and beyond to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine. CRISPR-based genome editing affords tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain that could benefit larger portions of the population compared to CRISPR applications in medicine, for example by helping to feed a growing global population, reach sustainability goals, and possibly mitigate the effects of climate change. These promises come alongside concerns of risks and adverse impacts associated with CRISPR-based genome editing and concerns that governance systems that are ill equipped or not well suited to evaluate these risks. The international community will continue to gather, in multiple venues, in the coming years to discuss these concerns. At the same time, responsible research and innovation paradigms also promise to evaluate the risks and benefits better while incorporating broad stakeholder engagement across the research and development process. The CRISPR community therefore must actively engage with these international deliberations, society, and national governance systems that have promised to build better agricultural systems and provide better food products to achieve equitable outcomes while protecting the environment. Without this active engagement, the promises discussed in this paper are sure to be broken.		<h4><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33570455/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">(Broken) Promises of Sustainable Food and Agriculture through New Biotechnologies: The CRISPR Case</a></h4>
Biotech: An Environmentalist's Dilemna	Todd Kuiken	2021	Kuiken, Todd. Biotech: An Environmentalistâ€™s Dilemna. Biodesigned, January 21, 2021. Online at https://www.biodesigned.org/todd-kuiken/biotech-an-environmentalists-dilemma	Biotechnology, Synthetic Biology, Art, Environment			<h4><a href="https://www.biodesigned.org/todd-kuiken/biotech-an-environmentalists-dilemma" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Biotech: An Environmentalistâ€™s Dilemna</a></h4>
Community-led governance for gene-edited crops	Jennifer Kuzma, Khara Grieger	2020	Kuzma, J. and Grieger, K. 2020. Community-led governance for gene-edited crops. Science, Vol. 370, Issue 6519. doi: 10.1126/science.abd1512	Responsible Innovation, Biotechnology, Governance, CRISPR, Gene-Editing	New government regulations for biotechnology will create gaps in oversight of gene-edited crops and the provision of information to consumers.Â With this lack of transparency, gene-edited crop developers may be reconstituting the same conditions that led to public rejection and mistrust of the 1st generation of GM foods. Based on our decades of experience and the literature on risk governance and GM crops, we propose a â€œCommunity-Led Responsible Governanceâ€ (CLEAR-GOV) coalition and certification process for biotech crops based on information-sharing about the host plants, traits, environment, and current and anticipated market uses of gene-edited and other GM crops.Â CLEAR-GOV would be led by an independent non-profit coalition, a stakeholder advisory group, and a public advisory group that is diverse in representation of viewpoints and interests.Â Commitment to CLEAR-GOV will enable the agricultural biotechnology community to earn greater public trust through the open, inclusive, and transparent monitoring of biotech crop use.		<h4><a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6519/916" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Community-led governance for gene-edited crops</a></h4>
Core commitments for field trials of gene drive organism	Jason Delborne, Fred Gould, Jennifer Kuzma, Marce Lorenzen, J. Royden Saah, Maxwell Scott	2020	Kanya C. Long, Luke Alphey, George J. Annas, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Karl J. Campbell, George M. Church, James P. Collins, Kimberly L. Cooper, Jason A. Delborne, Kevin Esvelt, Sam Weiss Evans, Fred Gould, Sarah Hartley, Jennifer Kuzma, Marce Lorenzen, Jeantine E. Lunshof, Megan J. Palmer, J. Royden Saah, Maxwell J. Scott, et. al. 2020. Core commitments for field trials of gene drive organisms. Science, 18 Dec 2020, Vol. 370, Issue 6523, pp. 1417-1419. doi: 10.1126/science.abd1908 PDF	Gene Drive, Field Trials, Governance, Risk/Benefit Assessment, Transparency			<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener">Core commitments for field trials of gene drive organism</a></h4>
Accessing Legacy Phosphorus in Soil	Khara Grieger	2020	Doydora, S., Gatiboni, L., Grieger, K., Hesterberg, D., Jones, J., McLamore, E., Peters, R., Sozzani, R., Van den Broeck, L., Duckworth O. Accessing Legacy Phosphorus in Soil. Soil Systems, 4(74): doi:10.3390/soilsystems4040074 PDF	Legacy Phosphorus, Speciation, Transformation, Accessibility	Repeated applications of phosphorus (P) fertilizers result in the buildup of P in soil (commonly known as legacy P), a large fraction of which is not immediately available for plant use. Long-term applications and accumulations of soil P is an inefficient use of dwindling P supplies and can result in nutrient runoff, often leading to eutrophication of water bodies. Although soil legacy P is problematic in some regards, it conversely may serve as a source of P for crop use and could potentially decrease dependence on external P fertilizer inputs. This paper reviews the (1) current knowledge on the occurrence and bioaccessibility of different chemical forms of P in soil, (2) legacy P transformations with mineral and organic fertilizer applications in relation to their potential bioaccessibility, and (3) approaches and associated challenges for accessing native soil P that could be used to harness soil legacy P for crop production. We highlight how the occurrence and potential bioaccessibility of different forms of soil inorganic and organic P vary depending on soil properties, such as soil pH and organic matter content. We also found that accumulation of inorganic legacy P forms changes more than organic P species with fertilizer applications and cessations. We also discuss progress and challenges with current approaches for accessing native soil P that could be used for accessing legacy P, including natural and genetically modified plant-based strategies, the use of P-solubilizing microorganisms, and immobilized organic P-hydrolyzing enzymes. It is foreseeable that accessing legacy P will require multidisciplinary approaches to address these limitations.		<h4><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/4/4/74/htm" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Accessing Legacy Phosphorus in Soil</a></h4>
Landscape-level feedbacks in the demand for transgenic pesticidal corn in the Philippines	Zack Brown	2020	Brown, Zachary S., Lawson Connor, Roderick M. Rejesus, and Jose M. Yorobe Jr (2020). Landscape-level feedbacks in the demand for transgenic pesticidal corn in the Philippines. Ecological Economics, 180: 106883. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106883 PDF	Agroecology, Bioeconomic Feedbacks, Areawide Pest Suppression, Crop Choice, Discrete Choice Models, Endogenous Sorting	We introduce a novel econometric approach to estimate economic pest control feedbacks within agroecological systems, using discrete choice endogenous sorting models. We apply this approach to deployment of transgenic Bt maize in the Philippines. We show with basic theory how areawide pest suppression from largescale Bt maize deployment attenuates farmers' demand for this technology. Econometric results support this hypothesis and imply long-run demand for the Bt trait is price-inelastic, contrasting with price-elastic demand estimated from a model without feedback. Investigating whether this feedback truly derives from areawide pest suppression, we analyze farmers' pest infestation expectations and find expected damages are significantly reduced by higher areawide Bt deployment. We discuss implications of these findings and other potential applications of the econometric approach to study coupled biological and economic systems.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921800919321950?via=ihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Landscape-level feedbacks in the demand for transgenic pesticidal corn in the Philippines</a></h4>
Social science and infrastructure networks and the humanâ€“technology interface	David Berube	2020	Berube, D.M., Bogomoletc, E., Eng, N. et al. Social science and infrastructure networks and the humanâ€“technology interface. J Nanopart Res 22, 296 (2020). doi:10.1007/s11051-020-05022-2. PDF	Social Science, Nantechnology, Societal And Ethical Implications, Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network,	Social science research (under the guise of SEI [societal and ethical implications]) in association with nanotechnology infrastructure networks (in this case, the Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network) is challenging due to the unique function of an infrastructure network. Infrastructure networks share laboratory resources and make available to the user in the early stages in the technological process. As such, characterization and fabrication activities demand fine-tuned social science tools appropriate to the subject instant. This article examines the application of a process of â€œdeep assessmentâ€ akin to grounded theory that examines a subset of societal and ethical issues derived from assessing activities proximate to users as they interface with the network. It presents assessment data over the last 5 years that is being used to design the research questions and research hypotheses that answer some of the most important societal concerns of the infrastructure network. These highly valued SEI activities are contextually relevant to the operation and management of the facilities in the infrastructure.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-020-05022-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Social science and infrastructure networks and the humanâ€“technology interface</a></h4>
Emerging lanthanum (III)-containing materials for phosphate removal from water: A review towards future developments	Khara Grieger	2020	Zhi, Y., Zhang, C., Hjorth, R., Baun, A., Duckworth, O.W., Call, D.F., Knappe, D.R.U., Jones, J.L., Grieger, K. (2020) Emerging lanthanum (III)-containing materials for phosphate removal from water: A review towards future developments. Environment International, 435: 109257. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106115 PDF	Lanthanum, Phosphate, Surface Water Restoration, Eutrophication Control, Phosphorus Inactivation	The last two decades have seen a rise in the development of lanthanum (III)-containing materials (LM) for controlling phosphate in the aquatic environment. >70 papers have been published on this topic in the peer-reviewed literature, but mechanisms of phosphate removal by LM as well as potential environmental impacts of LM remain unclear. In this review, we summarize peer-reviewed scientific articles on the development and use of 80 different types of LM in terms of prospective benefits, potential ecological impacts, and research needs. We find that the main benefits of LM for phosphate removal are their ability to strongly bind phosphate under diverse environmental conditions (e.g., over a wide pH range, in the presence of diverse aqueous constituents). The maximum phosphate uptake capacity of LM correlates primarily with the La content of LM, whereas reaction kinetics are influenced by LM formulation and ambient environmental conditions (e.g., pH, presence of co-existing ions, ligands, organic matter). Increased La solubilization can occur under some environmental conditions, including at moderately acidic pH values (i.e., 7 and moderate-to-high bicarbonate alkalinity, although caution should be applied when considering LM use in aquatic systems with acidic pH values and low bicarbonate alkalinity. Moving forward, we recommend additional research dedicated to understanding La release from LM under diverse environmental conditions as well as long-term exposures on ecological organisms, particularly primary producers and benthic organisms. Further, site-specific monitoring could be useful for evaluating potential impacts of LM on both biotic and abiotic systems post-application.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106115" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Emerging lanthanum (III)-containing materials for phosphate removal from water: A review towards future developments</a></h4>
Effect of microplastics on ecosystem function: Microbial nitrogen removal mediated by benthic macroinvertebrates	Khara Grieger	2020	Huang, Y., Li, W., Gao, J., Wang, F., Yang, W., Han, L., Lin, D., Min, B., Zhi, Y., Grieger, K., Yao, J. Effect of microplastics on ecosystem function: Microbial nitrogen removal mediated by benthic macroinvertebrates. Science of the Total Environment, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142133.	Microplastics, Nitrogen Removal Function, Denitrification, Anammox, Chironomids, Microorganisms	While ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics on aquatic organisms have started to be investigated recently, impacts on ecosystem functions mediated by benthic biota remain largely unknown. We investigated the effect of microplastics on nitrogen removal in freshwater sediments where microorganisms and benthic invertebrates (i.e., chironomid larvae) co-existed. Using microcosm experiments, sediments with and without invertebrate chironomid larvae were exposed to microplastics (polyethylene) at concentrations of 0, 0.1, and 1 wt%. After 28 days of exposure, the addition of microplastics or chironomid larvae promoted the growth of denitrifying and anammox bacteria, leading to increased total nitrogen removal, in both cases. However, in microcosms with chironomid larvae and microplastics co-existing, nitrogen removal was less than the sum of their individual effects, especially at microplastics concentration of 1 wt%, indicating an adverse effect on microbial nitrogen removal mediated by macroinvertebrates. This study reveals that the increasing concentration of microplastics entangled the nitrogen cycling mediated by benthic invertebrates in freshwater ecosystems. These findings highlight the pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of microplastics on the functioning in freshwater ecosystems.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896972035662X" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Effect of microplastics on ecosystem function: Microbial nitrogen removal mediated by benthic macroinvertebrates</a></h4>
Transitioning Machine Learning from Theory to Practice in Natural Resource Management	Khara Grieger	2020	Saia, S., Nelson, N., Huseth, A., Grieger, K., Reich, B., Transitioning Machine Learning from Theory to Practice in Natural Resource Management. Ecological Modelling, 435: 109257. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109257 PDF	Machine Learning, Natural Resources Management, Stakeholders, Decision-Support Tools, Decision-Making, Process-Based Modeling	Advances in sensing and computation have accelerated at unprecedented rates and scales, in turn creating new opportunities for natural resources managers to improve adaptive and predictive management practices by coupling large environmental datasets with machine learning (ML). Yet, to date, ML models often remain inaccessible to managers working outside of academic research. To identify challenges preventing natural resources managers from putting ML into practice more broadly, we convened a group of 23 stakeholders (i.e., applied researchers and practitioners) who model and analyze data collected from environmental and agricultural systems. Workshop participants shared many barriers regarding their perceptions of, and experiences with, ML modeling. These barriers emphasized three main areas of concern: ML model transparency, availability of educational resources, and the role of process-based understanding in ML model development. Informed by workshop participant input, we offer recommendations on how the ecological modelling community canovercome key barriers preventing ML model use in natural resources management and advance the profession towards data-driven decision-making.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304380020303276?via=ihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transitioning Machine Learning from Theory to Practice in Natural Resource Management</a></h4>
Responsible innovation in biotechnology: Stakeholder attitudes and implications for research policy	Pat Roberts, Joseph Herkert, Jennifer Kuzma	2020	Roberts, P, Herkert, J and Kuzma, J. 2020. Responsible innovation in biotechnology: Stakeholder attitudes and implications for research policy. Elem Sci Anth, 8(1): 47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.446 Download PDF	Responsible Innovation, Biotechnology, Governance, GMOs	This article explores attitudes of stakeholders involved in biotechnology towards the Responsible Innovation (RI) framework. As a framework for governance, RI has received increasing scholarly attention but has yet to be successfully integrated into U.S. research and innovation policy. Using a mixed methods approach, we analyzed the attitudes of different biotechnology stakeholders, particularly those working in areas related to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture and the environment, towards the principles and practices of RI. Homogenous focus groups (organized by stakeholder affiliation) and pre- and post-focus group surveys were used to measure attitudes towards RI. We designed the survey questions according to the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and examined the agreement of stakeholders with policy core beliefs (general principles of RI) and secondary beliefs (implementation practices of RI). Although all stakeholder groups had neutral to positive attitudes towards RI general principles, we found significant differences in their reactions to the scholarly definitions of RI and in their attitudes towards practices to implement RI. In comparison to government and advocacy groups, stakeholders promoting biotechnology innovationsâ€“industry, trade organizations, and academicsâ€“had more negative reactions to social science definitions of RI and to RI practices that relinquish control to people outside of technology development pipelines. Qualitative analysis of focus-groups revealed barriers for implementing RI practices. For example, innovators were cynical about including external voices in innovation pathways due to inflexible funding programs and were concerned about potential delays to innovation given the highly competitive environments for financing and patents. In order to help address these tensions, we call for the co-design of RI practices between biotechnology innovators and other stakeholders. The opening-up of biotechnology innovation to RI practices of anticipation, inclusion, responsiveness and reflexivity will likely be important for future, public legitimacy of emerging genetic engineering applications such as gene editing and gene drives.		<h4><a href="https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/feeding-world-well/table-of-contents">Responsible innovation in biotechnology: Stakeholder attitudes and implications for research policy</a></h4>
Secondary Risk Theory: Validation of a Novel Model of Protection Motivation	Christopher L. Cummings	2020	Cummings, CL, Rosenthal, S., and Kong, W. (2020). Secondary Risk Theory: Validation of a Novel Model of Protection Motivation. Risk Analysis. doi: 10.1111/risa.13573	Protection Motivation, Risk Response, Risk Tradeoffs, Secondary Risk Theory, Secondary Risks	Protection motivation theory states individuals conduct threat and coping appraisals when deciding how to respond to perceived risks. However, that model does not adequately explain today's risk culture, where engaging in recommended behaviors may create a separate set of real or perceived secondary risks. We argue for and then demonstrate the need for a new model accounting for a secondary threat appraisal, which we call secondary risk theory. In an online experiment, 1,246 participants indicated their intention to take a vaccine after reading about the likelihood and severity of side effects. We manipulated likelihood and severity in a 2 Ã— 2 betweenâ€subjects design and examined how well secondary risk theory predicts vaccination intention compared to protection motivation theory. Protection motivation theory performed better when the likelihood and severity of side effects were both low (R2 = 0.30) versus high (R2 = 0.15). In contrast, secondary risk theory performed similarly when the likelihood and severity of side effects were both low (R2 = 0.42) or high (R2 = 0.45). But the latter figure is a large improvement over protection motivation theory, suggesting the usefulness of secondary risk theory when individuals perceive a high secondary threat.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13573" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Secondary Risk Theory: Validation of a Novel Model of Protection Motivation</a></h4>
U.S. Oversight of GM Crops: A Place for Values?	Jennifer Kuzma	2020	Kuzma J (2020). U.S. Oversight of GM Crops: A Place for Values? In Eds Goldberg, A. Feeding the World Well. John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD.	Food, Ethics, Values, Regulation, Governance	In the United States, food is abundant and cheap but loaded with hidden costs to the environment, human health, animal welfare, and the people who work in our food systems. The country's current food production systems lack diversity in crops and animals and are intensified but not sustainable, inhumane in the treatment of animals, and inconsiderate of labor. In order to feed the world's rapidly growing population with high-quality, ethically produced food, new food production systems are urgently needed. These new systems must be genetically diverse and environmentally sustainable, and they need to follow internationally recognized animal welfare and labor practices.		<h4><a href="https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/feeding-world-well/table-of-contents">U.S. Oversight of GM Crops: A Place for Values?</a></h4>
Consumer expectations and attitudes toward nanomaterials in foods	Jennifer Kuzma	2020	S. Zhao, C-H Yue, and J. Kuzma (2020) Consumer expectations and attitudes toward nanomaterials in foods. Pages 705-733. Chapter 17, Handbook of Food Nanotechnology: Applications and Approaches. Academic Press Elsevier: Cambridge MA. July 2020. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815866-1.00017-0	Nanopackage, Nanotechnology, Experimental Auction, Structural Equation Model, Information Effect, Willingness-To-Pay, Food	Many food companies are developing nanotechnology-modified food packaging and it is critical to understand the informational and attitudinal factors that influence public acceptance of nanopackaging. This chapter first reviews the market situation for nanotechnology in the food packaging industry, including the benefits and potential risks of nanotechnology application in the food industry, the market trend for nanotechnology in food, consumer acceptance of nanotechnology in food, and the possible factors affecting consumer acceptance. Then a case study will be presented that uses an experimental auction with real nanopackaged products to test and compare consumer acceptance of nanopackaged food products with information from various sources. The case study results indicate consumer acceptance for and attitude toward nanopackaged food products are changing corresponding to the information perceived: for plain-labeled food products, a reliance on government regulation was the only determinant influencing participantsâ€™ willingness to pay; after general information about nanotechnology was given, participants were willing to pay more for nanopackaged products. This was affected by their general attitude toward new food technology and concerns about environment/health.		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128158661000170?via=ihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Consumer expectations and attitudes toward nanomaterials in foods</a></h4>
An Integrated Approach to Oversight Assessment for Emerging Technologies	Jennifer Kuzma	2020	Kuzma J., J. Paradise, G. Ramachandran, JA Kim, A. Kokotovich, SM. Wolf. (2020) An Integrated Approach to Oversight Assessment for Emerging Technologies. Chapter 17 in Emerging Technologies: Ethics, Law and Governance. Eds. Gary E. Marchant, Wendell Wallach. London: Routledge. 23 pp. July 2020. doi: 10.4324/9781003074960	Governance, Nanotechnology, Emerging Technologies, Oversight	Analysis of oversight systems is often conducted from a single disciplinary perspective and by using a limited set of criteria for evaluation. In this article, we develop an approach that blends risk analysis, social science, public administration, legal, public policy, and ethical perspectives to develop a broad set of criteria for assessing oversight systems. Multiple methods, including historical analysis, expert elicitation, and behavioral consensus, were employed to develop multidisciplinary criteria for evaluating oversight of emerging technologies. Sixty-six initial criteria were identified from extensive literature reviews and input from our Working Group. Criteria were placed in four categories reflecting the development, attributes, evolution, and outcomes of oversight systems. Expert elicitation, consensus methods, and multidisciplinary review of the literature were used to refine a condensed, operative set of criteria. Twenty-eight criteria resulted spanning four categories: seven development criteria, 15 attribute criteria, five outcome criteria, and one evolution criterion. These criteria illuminate how oversight systems develop, operate, change, and affect society. We term our approach â€œintegrated oversight assessmentâ€ and propose its use as a tool for analyzing relationships among features, outcomes, and tradeoffs of oversight systems. Comparisons among historical case studies of oversight using a consistent set of criteria should result in defensible and evidence-supported lessons to guide the development of oversight systems for emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology.		<h4><a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003074960" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Integrated Approach to Oversight Assessment for Emerging Technologies</a></h4>
Recommendations for oversight of nanobiotechnology: dynamic oversight for complex and convergent technology	Jennifer Kuzma	2020	G. Ramachandran, S M. Wolf, J Paradise, J Kuzma, R Hall, E Kokkoli, L Fatehi. (2020) Recommendations for oversight of nanobiotechnology: dynamic oversight for complex and convergent technology Chapter 22 in Emerging Technologies: Ethics, Law and Governance. Eds. Gary E. Marchant, Wendell Wallach. London: Routledge. 27 pp. July 2020. doi: 10.4324/9781003074960	Governance, Nanotechnology, Emerging Technologies, Oversight	Federal oversight of nanobiotechnology in the U.S. has been fragmented and incremental. The prevailing approach has been to use existing laws and other administrative mechanisms for oversight. However, this â€œstay-the-courseâ€ approach will be inadequate for such a complex and convergent technology and may indeed undermine its promise. The technology demands a new, more dynamic approach to oversight. The authors are proposing a new oversight framework with three essential features: (a) the oversight trajectory needs to be able to move dynamically between â€œsoftâ€ and â€œhardâ€ approaches as information and nano-products evolve; (b) it needs to integrate inputs from all stakeholders, with strong public engagement in decision-making to assure adequate analysis and transparency; and (c) it should include an overarching coordinating entity to assure strong inter-agency coordination and communication that can meet the challenge posed by the convergent nature of nanobiotechnology. The proposed framework arises from a detailed case analysis of several key oversight regimes relevant to nanobiotechnology and is informed by inputs from experts in academia, industry, NGOs, and government.		<h4><a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003074960" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Recommendations for oversight of nanobiotechnology: dynamic oversight for complex and convergent technology</a></h4>
Crop rotation mitigates impacts of corn rootworm resistance to transgenic Bt corn	Zack Brown	2020	Yves CarriÃ¨re, Zachary Brown, Serkan Aglasan, Pierre Dutilleul, Matthew Carroll, Graham Head, Bruce E. Tabashnik, Peter SÃ¸gaard JÃ¸rgensen, Scott P. Carroll. Crop rotation mitigates impacts of corn rootworm resistance to transgenic Bt corn. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jul 2020, 202003604. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003604117	Resistance Management, Resistance Mitigation, Landscape Analysis	Transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can suppress pests and reduce insecticide sprays, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Although farmers plant refuges of non-Bt host plants to delay pest resistance, this tactic has not been sufficient against the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. In the United States, some populations of this devastating pest have rapidly evolved practical resistance to Cry3 toxins and Cry34/35Ab, the only Bt toxins in commercially available corn that kill rootworms. Here, we analyzed data from 2011 to 2016 on Bt corn fields producing Cry3Bb alone that were severely damaged by this pest in 25 crop-reporting districts of Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. The annual mean frequency of these problem fields was 29 fields (range 7 to 70) per million acres of Cry3Bb corn in 2011 to 2013, with a cost of $163 to $227 per damaged acre. The frequency of problem fields declined by 92% in 2014 to 2016 relative to 2011 to 2013 and was negatively associated with rotation of corn with soybean. The effectiveness of corn rotation for mitigating Bt resistance problems did not differ significantly between crop-reporting districts with versus without prevalent rotation-resistant rootworm populations. In some analyses, the frequency of problem fields was positively associated with planting of Cry3 corn and negatively associated with planting of Bt corn producing both a Cry3 toxin and Cry34/35Ab. The results highlight the central role of crop rotation for mitigating impacts of D. v. virgifera resistance to Bt corn.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003604117" target="_blank" title="Read at PNAS" rel="noopener noreferrer">Crop rotation mitigates impacts of corn rootworm resistance to transgenic Bt corn</a></h4>
Building biosecurity for synthetic biology	Todd Kuiken	2020	Benjamin D Trump, SE Galaitsi, Evan Appleton, Diederik A Bleijs, Marieâ€Valentine Florin, Jimmy D Gollihar, R Alexander Hamilton, Todd Kuiken, et al. Building biosecurity for synthetic biology. PNAS, Jul 2020, 202003604. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003604117. Download PDF	Biosecurity, Synthetic Biology, STS, Policy, Public Engagement	The fastâ€paced field of synthetic biology is fundamentally changing the global biosecurity framework. Current biosecurity regulations and strategies are based on previous governance paradigms for pathogenâ€oriented security, recombinant DNA research, and broader concerns related to genetically modified organisms (GMO s). Many scholarly discussions and biosecurity practitioners are therefore concerned that synthetic biology outpaces established biosafety and biosecurity measures to prevent deliberate and malicious or inadvertent and accidental misuse of synthetic biology's processes or products. This commentary proposes three strategies to improve biosecurity: Security must be treated as an investment in the future applicability of the technology; social scientists and policy makers should be engaged early in technology development and forecasting; and coordination among global stakeholders is necessary to ensure acceptable levels of risk.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.15252/msb.20209723" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Building biosecurity for synthetic biology</a></h4>
Before genetically modified mosquitoes are released, we need a better EPA	Jennifer Kuzma	2020	Natalie Kofler and Jennifer Kuzma. Before genetically modified mosquitoes are released, we need a better EPA. Boston Globe, Published: 22 June 2020. Online at: https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/06/22/opinion/before-genetically-modified-mosquitoes-are-released-we-need-better-epa/. Download PDF	EPA, Transparency, GM Mosquitoes, Disease Control, Governance	If risks are being assessed, it is largely happening behind closed doors between technology developers and EPA employees.		<h4><a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/06/22/opinion/before-genetically-modified-mosquitoes-are-released-we-need-better-epa/" target="_blank" title="Read at Boston Globe" rel="noopener noreferrer">Before genetically modified mosquitoes are released, we need a better EPA</a></h4>
Genetically modified mosquitoes could be released in Florida and Texas beginning this summer â€“ silver bullet or jumping the gun?	Jennifer Kuzma	2020	Allan, Brian, Chris Stone, Holly Tuten, Jennifer Kuzma, Natalie Kofler. Genetically modified mosquitoes could be released in Florida and Texas beginning this summer â€“ silver bullet or jumping the gun?. The Conversation, Published: 3 June 2020. Online at: https://theconversation.com/genetically-modified-mosquitoes-could-be-released-in-florida-and-texas-beginning-this-summer-silver-bullet-or-jumping-the-gun-139710. Download PDF	EPA, Transparency, GM Mosquitoes, Disease Control, Governance	This summer, for the first time, genetically modified mosquitoes could be released in the U.S. On May 1, 2020, the company Oxitec received an experimental use permit from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to release millions of GM mosquitoes (labeled by Oxitec as OX5034) every week over the next two years in Florida and Texas. Females of this mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, transmit dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses. When these lab-bred GM males are released and mate with wild females, their female offspring die. Continual, large-scale releases of these OX5034 GM males should eventually cause the temporary collapse of a wild population. However, as vector biologists, geneticists, policy experts and bioethicists, we are concerned that current government oversight and scientific evaluation of GM mosquitoes do not ensure their responsible deployment.		<h4><a href="https://theconversation.com/genetically-modified-mosquitoes-could-be-released-in-florida-and-texas-beginning-this-summer-silver-bullet-or-jumping-the-gun-139710" target="_blank" title="Read at The Conversation" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genetically modified mosquitoes could be released in Florida and Texas beginning this summer â€“ silver bullet or jumping the gun?</a></h4>
Point of View: Bioengineering horizon scan 2020	Todd Kuiken	2020	Kemp, L. et al. Point of View: Bioengineering horizon scan 2020. eLife 2020; 9:e54489, doi: 10.7554/eLife.54489. Feature Article 29 May, 2020. Download PDF	Genetics And Genomics, Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Horizon Scanning, Foresight, Human Biology And Medicine	Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technological, regulatory and social change. In 2017 some of the present authors conducted a horizon scan for bioengineering (Wintle et al., 2017). Here we report the results of a new horizon scan that is based on inputs from a larger and more international group of 38 participants. The final list of 20 issues includes topics spanning from the political (the regulation of genomic data, increased philanthropic funding and malicious uses of neurochemicals) to the environmental (crops for changing climates and agricultural gene drives). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policy-makers and the wider public.		<h4><a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/54489" target="_blank" title="Read at eLife" rel="noopener noreferrer">Point of View: Bioengineering horizon scan 2020</a></h4>
A typology of beliefs and misperceptions about the influenza disease and vaccine among older adults in Singapore	Christopher L. Cummings	2020	Cummings CL, Kong WY, Orminski J (2020) A typology of beliefs and misperceptions about the influenza disease and vaccine among older adults in Singapore. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0232472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232472 Download PDF	Flu, Vaccines, Misperceptions, Public Engagement, Health Communication	Access to the influenza vaccine pose little barriers in developed countries such as Singapore and vaccination against influenza is highly recommended for at-risk populations including older adults. However, vaccination rates are much lower than recommended despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with the disease among this vulnerable population. Given timely goals to increase vaccine acceptance and uptake, we explored Singaporean older adultsâ€™ misperceptions about influenza disease and vaccine. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted among 76 Singaporean adults aged 65 and above with no focus on a specific area in Singapore. Data were analyzed with grounded theory methods to understand participantsâ€™ attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge. We developed in vivo codes that reflect the verbiage used by participants and exhaustively catalogued themes through a constant comparison coding method. Focusing specifically on older adultsâ€™ misperceptions, seven main themes about influenza disease or vaccine emerged from our data analysis: familiarity with influenza, misperceptions about influenza, personal susceptibility to influenza, familiarity with the influenza vaccine, misperceptions about the influenza vaccine, misperceptions about influenza vaccine usage, and opinions about and barriers to influenza vaccine uptake. Notably, there is a lack of adequate knowledge and motivation in vaccinating against influenza among older adults in Singapore. Health communication needs to be more tailored toward older adultsâ€™ message processing systems and engage health professionalsâ€™ involvement in addressing the influenza disease and vaccine misperceptions identified in this study.		<h4><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0232472&fbclid=IwAR0JPQkiZrZ4YORCF_hAipv4TqcwLXSLeRISIQtp02WWQkpkBfDc-7bFw8A" target="_blank" title="Read at PLoS ONE" rel="noopener noreferrer">A typology of beliefs and misperceptions about the influenza disease and vaccine among older adults in Singapore</a></h4>
Pandemics Call for Systems Approaches to Research and Funding	Jennifer Kuzma, Khara Grieger, Christopher L. Cummings, Zack Brown	2020	Kuzma, Jennifer, Khara D. Grieger, Zachary S. Brown, and Christopher L. Cummings. â€œPandemics Call for Systems Approaches to Research and Funding.â€ Issues in Science and Technology (May 4, 2020) Download PDF	Coronavirus, COVID-19, Governance, Social Sciences	National strategies must incorporate social as well as natural sciences.		<h4><a href="https://issues.org/pandemics-call-for-systems-approaches/" target="_blank" title="Read at Issues" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pandemics Call for Systems Approaches to Research and Funding</a></h4>
Social license and synthetic biology: the trouble with mining terms	Jason Delborne, Adam Kokotovich	2020	Jason A. Delborne, Adam E. Kokotovich & Jeantine E. Lunshof (2020) Social license and synthetic biology: the trouble with mining terms. Journal of Responsible Innovation. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2020.1738023. Published: 06 April 2020. Download PDF	Community And Stakeholder Engagement, Public Engagement, Responsible Research And Innovation, Social License To Operate, Synthetic Biology	In the wake of controversies over first-generation biotechnologies, the growing field of synthetic biology appears cognizant of the need to attend to the social, political, cultural, and ethical dimensions of innovation. Public engagement has emerged as an important means for attending to these dimensions. Here, we call attention to the problematic nature of one paradigm being drawn upon to conceptualize this public engagement for synthetic biology: social license to operate (SLO). After reviewing SLOâ€™s emergence in the resource extraction context and the existing critiques of SLO, we examine its current use in the synthetic biology literature. We argue that an SLO-derived model of engagement is especially inadequate for synthetic biology due to unique challenges posed by synthetic biology and the limited conception of engagement provided by SLO. We conclude by discussing alternative public engagement paradigms and examples better suited to inform synthetic biology governance.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2020.1738023" target="_blank" title="Read at JRI" rel="noopener noreferrer">Social license and synthetic biology: the trouble with mining terms</a></h4>
Emerging Technologies for Invasive Insects: The Role of Engagement	Adam Kokotovich, Jason Delborne, Johanna Elsensohn, Hannah Burrack	2020	Adam E. Kokotovich, Jason A. Delborne, Johanna Elsensohn, and Hannah Burrack. Emerging Technologies for Invasive Insects: The Role of Engagement. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, XX(X), 2019, 1â€“14, doi: 10.1093/aesa/saz064 Special Collection. Published: 16 March 2020. Download PDF	Responsible Research And Innovation, Ecological Risk Assessment, Invasive Species Management, Community And Stakeholder Engagement, Drosophila Suzukii	Emerging technologies have the potential to offer new applications for managing invasive insects. While scientific and technological advancements are vital to realizing this potential, the successful development and use of these applications will also largely depend on community and stakeholder engagement. To contribute to a relevant and rigorous envisioning of engagement for emerging technologies for invasive insects (ETII), we begin by reviewing key insights on engagement from three scholarly fields: invasive species management, responsible research and innovation, and ecological risk assessment. Across these fields we glean best practices for engagement for ETII: 1) pursue engagement across decision phases and sectors; 2) select context-appropriate participants and methods; and 3) recognize and navigate engagement-related tensions. We illustrate these best practices by describing an ongoing project that uses engagement to inform risk assessment and broader decision making on biotechnologies being developed to address the Spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) invasive fruit fly. We describe completed and planned engagement activities designed to identify and prioritize potential adverse effects, benefits, management actions, and research actions of the proposed genetically engineered sterile male, gene drive, and RNAi biotechnologies. In the face of broadening calls for engagement on emerging technologies, this article provides theoretical and empirical insights that can guide future engagement for ETII.		<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/aesa/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aesa/saz064/5748321" target="_blank" title="Read at Oxford Academic" rel="noopener noreferrer">Emerging Technologies for Invasive Insects: The Role of Engagement</a></h4>
The impact of local population genetic background on the spread of the selfish element Medeaâ€1 in red flour beetles	Fred Gould, Marce Lorenzen	2019	Sarah A. Cash, Michael A. Robert, Marce D. Lorenzen, and Fred Gould. The impact of local population genetic background on the spread of the selfish element Medeaâ€1 in red flour beetles. Ecol Evol,2020; 10: 863â€“ 874. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5946. Published: 19 December 2019. Download PDF	Natural Gene Drive, Maternal Effect, Medea, Red Flour Beetle, Selfish Genetic Element	Selfish genetic elements have been found in the genomes of many species, yet our understanding of their evolutionary dynamics is only partially understood. A number of distinct selfish Medea elements are naturally present in many populations of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). Although these Medea elements are predicted by models to increase in frequency within populations because any offspring of a Medeaâ€bearing mother that do not inherit at least one Medea allele will die, experiments demonstrating an increase in a naturally occurring Medea element are lacking. Our survey of the specific Medea element, M1, in the United States showed that it had a patchy geographic distribution. From the survey, it could not be determined if this distribution was caused by a slow process of M1 colonization of discrete populations or if some populations lacked M1 because they had genetic factors conferring resistance to the Medea mechanism. We show that populations with naturally low to intermediate M1 frequencies likely represent transient states during the process of Medea spread. Furthermore, we find no evidence that genetic factors are excluding M1 from US populations where the element is not presently found. We also show how a known suppressor of Medea can impair the increase of M1 in populations and discuss the implications of our findings for pestâ€management applications of Medea elements.		<h4><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.5946" target="_blank" title="Read at Wiley" rel="noopener noreferrer">The impact of local population genetic background on the spread of the selfish element <em>Medeaâ€1</em> in red flour beetles</a></h4>
The distribution and spread of naturally occurring Medea selfish genetic elements in the United States	Fred Gould, Marce Lorenzen	2019	Sarah A. Cash, Marce D. Lorenzen, and Fred Gould. The distribution and spread of naturally occurring Medea selfish genetic elements in the United States. Ecol Evol, 2019; 9: 14407â€“ 14416. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5876. Published: 27 November 2019. Download PDF	Natural Gene Drive, Maternal Effect, Medea, Red Flour Beetle, Selfish Genetic Element	Selfish genetic elements (SGEs) are DNA sequences that are transmitted to viable offspring in greater than Mendelian frequencies. Medea SGEs occur naturally in some populations of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and are expected to increase in frequency within populations and spread among populations. The largeâ€scale U.S. distributions of Medeaâ€4 (M4) had been mapped based on samples from 1993 to 1995. We sampled beetles in 2011â€“2014 and show that the distribution of M4 in the United States is dynamic and has shifted southward. By using a genetic marker of Medeaâ€1 (M1), we found five unique geographic clusters with high and low M1 frequencies in a pattern not predicted by microsatelliteâ€based analysis of population structure. Our results indicate the absence of rigid barriers to Medea spread in the United States, so assessment of what factors have limited its current distribution requires further investigation. There is great interest in using synthetic SGEs, including synthetic Medea, to alter or suppress pest populations, but there is concern about unpredicted spread of these SGEs and potential for populations to become resistant to them. The finding of patchy distributions of Medea elements suggests that released synthetic SGEs cannot always be expected to spread uniformly, especially in target species with limited dispersal.		<h4><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.5876" target="_blank" title="Read at Wiley" rel="noopener noreferrer">The distribution and spread of naturally occurring <em>Medea</em> selfish genetic elements in the United States</a></h4>
Scenario analysis on the use of rodenticides and sex-biasing gene drives for the removal of invasive house mice on islands	Megan Serr, Rene Valdez, Katie Barnhill-Dilling, John Godwin, Todd Kuiken, Matthew Booker	2020	Megan E. Serr, Rene X. Valdez, Kathleen S. Barnhill-Dilling, John Godwin, Todd Kuiken & Matthew Booker. Scenario analysis on the use of rodenticides and sex-biasing gene drives for the removal of invasive house mice on islands. Biological Invasions (2020) pp 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s10530-019-02192-6. Published: 02 January 2020.	Preserving Island Biodiversity, Rodent Eradications, Synthetic Biology, Stakeholder Engagement, Public Perceptions	Since the 1960s conservation efforts have focused on recovering island biodiversity by eradicating invasive rodents. These eradication campaigns have led to considerable conservation gains, particularly for nesting seabirds. However, eradications are complex and lengthy endeavors and are even more challenging when humans are co-inhabitants of the targeted island. Furthermore, the method of eradication matters and recent proposals to consider genetic technologies for rodent eradication require specific scrutiny. One such technology is the potential use of a gene drive for biasing offspring sex ratios in invasive house mice, Mus musculus, that would spread and prevent the production of one sex, allowing die-off from lack of reproduction and natural attrition. Practitioners can gain insight into the potential for adoption of this technology from examining stakeholder engagement. This paper uses scenario analysis to address the eradication of rodents on inhabited and uninhabited islands, by specifically comparing the traditional approach of using rodenticides with sex-biasing gene drives. Concurrently the International Union for Conservation of Nature is assessing the risks and value of gene drives in general for conservation. Hence, we make the case that the ethical challenges with the use of gene drive sex-biasing techniques and the effectiveness of this tool will rely as much on its public acceptance and its democratic use as the actual science used to construct the technology.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-019-02192-6" target="_blank" title="Read at Springer" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scenario analysis on the use of rodenticides and sex-biasing gene drives for the removal of invasive house mice on islands</a></h4>
Articulating â€˜free, prior and informed consentâ€™ (FPIC) for engineered gene drives	Dalton George, Todd Kuiken, Jason Delborne	2019	Dalton R. George, Todd Kuiken, and Jason A. Delborne. Articulating â€˜free, prior and informed consentâ€™ (FPIC) for engineered gene drives. Proc. Royal Soc. B. Vol. 286, Issue 1917. Published: 18 December 2019. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1484	Community Engagement, Indigenous Peoples, Responsible Research And Innovation, Convention On Biological Diversity, Public Engagement, Biodiversity	Recent statements by United Nations bodies point to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) as a potential requirement in the development of engineered gene drive applications. As a concept developed in the context of protecting Indigenous rights to self-determination in land development scenarios, FPIC would need to be extended to apply to the context of ecological editing. Without an explicit framework of application, FPIC could be interpreted as a narrowly framed process of community consultation focused on the social implications of technology, and award little formal or advisory power in decision-making to Indigenous peoples and local communities. In this paper, we argue for an articulation of FPIC that attends to issues of transparency, iterative community-scale consent, and shared power through co-development among Indigenous peoples, local communities, researchers and technology developers. In realizing a comprehensive FPIC process, researchers and developers have an opportunity to incorporate enhanced participation and social guidance mechanisms into the design, development and implementation of engineered gene drive applications.		<h4><a href="http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1484" target="_blank" title="Read at Royal Society B" rel="noopener noreferrer">Articulating â€˜free, prior and informed consentâ€™ (FPIC) for engineered gene drives</a></h4>
Genetic Engineering and Society	Megan Serr, Rene Valdez, Katie Barnhill-Dilling, John Godwin, Todd Kuiken, Matthew Booker	2019	Barnes, J., Pitts, E., Barnhill-Dilling, S., & Delborne, J.. (2019) Genetic Engineering and Society. In T. Pittinsky (Ed.), Science, Technology, and Society: New Perspectives and Directions (pp. 203-233). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781316691489.009. Published: November 2019.	Genetic Engineering, Society, Public Engagement	Genetic engineering disrupts assumed distinctions between nature and culture, between human and nonhuman, and between the production of knowledge and the production of commercially viable products. As a result, this area of technological development continues to inspire science and technology studies (STS) researchers not only to rethink theoretical paradigms, but also to test and retest a variety of ways to intervene in science and society.Also referred to as genetic modification, genetic engineering involves inserting, deleting, or modifying an organismâ€™s deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or proteins to change its characteristics, or traits (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM], 2016b). Genetically engineered organisms are forms of biotechnology, a broad category that encompasses a variety of ways of altering biological materials and processes to make them more useful for human purposes. Although the selection of desirable traits in living organisms dates at least to the invention of agriculture, contemporary genetic approaches are particularly indebted to Darwinâ€™s (1859/2001) research on evolution and Mendelâ€™s (1866) study of heredity (NASEM, 2016b).		<h4><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/science-technology-and-society/genetic-engineering-and-society/D88D66339C9D75EDD3B89F5BD316ED94" target="_blank" title="Read at Cambridge Press" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genetic Engineering and Society</a></h4>
Synthetic Biology 2020: Frontiers in Risk Analysis and Governance	Jennifer Kuzma	2019	Trump, B. D., Cummings, C. L., Kuzma, J. & Linkov, I. (2020). Synthetic Biology 2020: Frontiers in Risk Analysis and Governance. Springer, Cham.doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27264-7. ISBN: 978-3-030-27263-0. First online: 29 November 2019	Synthetic Biology, Risk, Social Science, Policy, Governance	IntroductionSynthetic biology offers powerful remedies for some of the worldâ€™s most intractable problems, but these solutions are clouded by uncertainty and risk that few strategies are available to address. The incentives for continued development of this emerging technology are prodigious and obvious, and the public deserves assurances that all potential downsides are duly considered and minimized accordingly. Incorporating social science analysis within the innovation process may impose constraints, but its simultaneous support in making the end products more acceptable to society at large should be considered a worthy trade-off		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-27264-7" target="_blank" title="Read at Springer" rel="noopener noreferrer">Synthetic Biology 2020: Frontiers in Risk Analysis and Governance</a></h4>
Economic Principles and Concepts in Area-Wide Genetic Pest Management	Zack Brown, Michael S. Jones	2019	Zachary Brown, Mike Jones, John Mumford. (2019) Economic Principles and Concepts in Area-Wide Genetic Pest Management. Eds. Onstad, D. W., & Crain, P. in The Economics of Integrated Pest Management of Insects. (pp. 96-121) CABI. doi: 10.1079/9781786393678.0096	Genetic Pest Management, Genetic Engineering	The objective of the article was to explore the key economic principles for the inclusion of genetically engineered insects within integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, discussing proposed examples with agriculture and health applications.		<h4><a href="https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20193342015" target="_blank" title="Read at Cabi" rel="noopener noreferrer">Economic Principles and Concepts in Area-Wide Genetic Pest Management</a></h4>
From risk perception to risk governance in nanotechnology: a multi-stakeholder study.	Khara Grieger	2019	Porcari, A., Borsella, E., Benighaus, C., Grieger, K. et al. From risk perception to risk governance in nanotechnology: a multi-stakeholder study. Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2019) 21: 245. doi: 10.1007/s11051-019-4689-9. Published: 21 November 2019. Download PDF	Nanomaterials, Nano-Related Products, Risk Assessment, Risk Management, Risk Communication, Decision Analysis, Risk-Benefit Of Nanomaterials, Societal Implications	Nanotechnology is widely used in several industrial and consumer sectors and has the potential to grow further and expand globally. An exploration of stakeholder (SH)â€™s perceptions is essential to ensuring that robust risk governance processes are in place for nanotechnology and nano-related products. In response, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate SHâ€™s perceptions of nanotechnology and nano-related products over the past 15 years. To build on this work and to capture current perceptions across a wide panel of SHs, we conducted a multi-national and cross-sectoral SH study of awareness, perceptions and opinions regarding the use and potential impact on society and the environment of nanomaterials (NMs) and nano-related products, and SHâ€™s expectations about risk governance. The study was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative inquiries and targeted more than 3000 SHs across different sectors in a total of 15 countries. Results showed a tendency towards more convergence of opinions amongst all the relevant SHs and the public respondents than in past studies. There was consensus on the crucial importance of having unbiased, scientific and trustable information regarding the potential impacts of NMs and nano-related products on the environment, health and safety. SHs were interested in having more internationally harmonised and robust regulation for NMs and nano-related products; improved scientific evidence on nanomaterial hazards, exposures and effects; as well as specific guidance on the safe use of NMs. Overall, this work provides an updated scenario of SHsâ€™ perceptions regarding nanotechnology and nano-related products, underscoring the importance of including SH needs in effective risk governance strategies.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-019-4689-9" target="_blank" title="read at J Nano Res" rel="noopener noreferrer">From risk perception to risk governance in nanotechnology: a multi-stakeholder study.</a></h4>
Rodent gene drives for conservation: opportunities and data needs	John Godwin, Megan Serr, Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Jason Delborne, Alun Lloyd	2019	John Godwin, Megan Serr, S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling , Dimitri V. Blondel, Peter R. Brown, Karl Campbell, Jason Delborne, Alun L. Lloyd , et al. Rodent gene drives for conservation: opportunities and data needs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Volume 286, Issue 1914, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1606. Published: 06 November 2019. Download PDF	Rodent, Biodiversity, Gene Drive, Island, Mice, Genetics, Behaviour	Invasive rodents impact biodiversity, human health and food security worldwide. The biodiversity impacts are particularly significant on islands, which are the primary sites of vertebrate extinctions and where we are reaching the limits of current control technologies. Gene drives may represent an effective approach to this challenge, but knowledge gaps remain in a number of areas. This paper is focused on what is currently known about natural and developing synthetic gene drive systems in mice, some key areas where key knowledge gaps exist, findings in a variety of disciplines relevant to those gaps and a brief consideration of how engagement at the regulatory, stakeholder and community levels can accompany and contribute to this effort. Our primary species focus is the house mouse, Mus musculus, as a genetic model system that is also an important invasive pest. Our primary application focus is the development of gene drive systems intended to reduce reproduction and potentially eliminate invasive rodents from islands. Gene drive technologies in rodents have the potential to produce significant benefits for biodiversity conservation, human health and food security. A broad-based, multidisciplinary approach is necessary to assess this potential in a transparent, effective and responsible manner.		<h4><a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1606" target="_blank" title="Read at Royal Society B" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rodent gene drives for conservation: opportunities and data needs</a></h4>
Best practices from nano-risk analysis relevant for other emerging technologies	Khara Grieger	2019	Khara Grieger, Jacob L. Jones, Steffen Foss Hansen, Christine Ogilvie Hendren, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Jennifer Kuzma & Anders Baun . Best practices from nano-risk analysis relevant for other emerging technologies. Nature Nanotechnology, 14, pages 998â€“1001(2019) doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0572-1. Published: 06 November 2019. Download PDF	Environmental Health And Safety Issues, Research Management	The experiences gained from the past 15 years of nanomaterial risk analysis may be useful for the risk analysis efforts of other emerging technologies.		<h4><a href="https://rdcu.be/bWvQE" target="_blank" title="Read at Nature Nanotechnology" rel="noopener noreferrer">Best practices from nano-risk analysis relevant for other emerging technologies</a></h4>
Rooted in Recognition: Indigenous Environmental Justice and the Genetically Engineered American Chestnut Tree	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Louie Rivers, Jason Delborne	2019	S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling, Louie Rivers & Jason A. Delborne (2019) Rooted in Recognition: Indigenous Environmental Justice and the Genetically Engineered American Chestnut Tree. Society & Natural Resources, doi: 10.1080/08941920.2019.1685145. Published: 05 November 2019. Download PDF	Chestnut Restoration, Genetic Engineering, Indigenous Environmental Justice	The restoration plan for the American chestnut tree includes the potential wild release of a genetically engineered tree in close proximity to the sovereign Haudenosaunee communities of Central and Upstate New York. As such, inclusive deliberative frameworks are needed to consider the implications for these communities. Indigenous environmental justice highlights the importance of recognizing tribal sovereignty and Indigenous worldviews as foundational to more just environmental governance. This paper examines how the case of genetically engineered American chestnut tree highlights the importance of recognizing tribal sovereignty and Indigenous worldviews in considering a GE organism for species restoration.		<h4><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08941920.2019.1685145" target="_blank" title="Read at Society & Natural Resources" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rooted in Recognition: Indigenous Environmental Justice and the Genetically Engineered American Chestnut Tree</a></h4>
Locally Fixed Alleles: A method to localize gene drive to island populations	Jayce Sudweeks, John Godwin, J. Royden Saah, Michael Vella, Fred Gould, Alun Lloyd	2019	Sudweeks, J., Hollingsworth, B., Blondel, D.V., Lloyd, A.L. et al.. Locally Fixed Alleles: A method to localize gene drive to island populations. Nature Scientific Reports, 9, Article number: 15821 (2019) doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51994-0. Published: 01 November 2019. Download PDF	Ecological Modeling, Evolutionary Ecology, Evolutionary Genetics	Invasive species pose a major threat to biodiversity on islands. While successes have been achieved using traditional removal methods, such as toxicants aimed at rodents, these approaches have limitations and various off-target effects on island ecosystems. Gene drive technologies designed to eliminate a population provide an alternative approach, but the potential for drive-bearing individuals to escape from the target release area and impact populations elsewhere is a major concern. Here we propose the â€œLocally Fixed Allelesâ€ approach as a novel means for localizing elimination by a drive to an island population that exhibits significant genetic isolation from neighboring populations.		<h4><a href="https://rdcu.be/bWvRL" target="_blank" title="Read at Nature" rel="noopener noreferrer">Locally Fixed Alleles: A method to localize gene drive to island populations</a></h4>
Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives in the Wild: Spread, Controllability, and Ecological Uncertainty	Gregory Backus, Jason Delborne	2019	Gregory A Backus, Jason A Delborne. Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives in the Wild: Spread, Controllability, and Ecological Uncertainty. BioScience, biz098, doi: 10.1093/biosci/biz098. Published: 18 September 2019. Download PDF	Gene Drive, Ecology, Conservation, Uncertainty, Modeling, Biotechnology	Gene drive technology could allow the intentional spread of a desired gene throughout an entire wild population in relatively few generations. However, there are major concerns that gene drives could either fail to spread or spread without restraint beyond the targeted population. One potential solution is to use more localized threshold-dependent drives, which only spread when they are released in a population above a critical frequency. However, under certain conditions, small changes in gene drive fitness could lead to divergent outcomes in spreading behavior. In the face of ecological uncertainty, the inability to estimate gene drive fitness in a real-world context could prove problematic because gene drives designed to be localized could spread to fixation in neighboring populations if ecological conditions unexpectedly favor the gene drive. This perspective offers guidance to developers and managers because navigating gene drive spread and controllability could be risky without detailed knowledge of ecological contexts.		<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biz098/5559621" target="_blank" title="Read at BioScience" rel="noopener noreferrer">Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives in the Wild: Spread, Controllability, and Ecological Uncertainty</a></h4>
Does the U.S. public support using gene drives in agriculture? And what do they want to know?	Michael S. Jones, Jason Delborne, Johanna Elsensohn, Zack Brown	2019	Michael S. Jones, Jason. A. Delborne, Johanna Elsensohn, Paul D. Mitchell, Zachary S. Brown. Does the U.S. public support using gene drives in agriculture? And what do they want to know?. Science Advances 11 Sep 2019; Vol. 5, no. 9, eaau8462. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8462. Download PDF	Gene Drive, Agricultural Biotechnology, Public Engagement, Survey, Public Opinion	Gene drive development is progressing more rapidly than our understanding of public values toward these technologies. We analyze a statistically representative survey (n = 1018) of U.S. adult attitudes toward agricultural gene drives. When informed about potential risks, benefits, and two previously researched applications, respondentsâ€™ support/opposition depends heavily (+22%/âˆ’19%) on whether spread of drives can be limited, non-native versus native species are targeted (+12%/âˆ’9%), or the drive replaces versus suppresses target species (Â±2%). The one-fifth of respondents seeking out nonâ€“GMOâ€“labeled food are more likely to oppose drives, although their support exceeds opposition for limited applications. Over 62% trust U.S. universities and the Department of Agriculture to research gene drives, with the private sector and Department of Defense viewed as more untrustworthy. Uncertain human health and ecological effects are the publicâ€™s most important concerns to resolve. These findings can inform responsible innovation in gene drive development and risk assessment.		<h4><a href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/9/eaau8462" target="_blank" title="Read at Science Advances" rel="noopener noreferrer">Does the U.S. public support using gene drives in agriculture? And what do they want to know?</a></h4>
Biological Interactions between Nanomaterials and Placental Development and Function Following Oral Exposure	Khara Grieger	2019	Ninell P. Mortensen, Leah M. Johnson, Khara D. Grieger, Jeffrey L. Ambroso, Timothy R. Fennell. Biological Interactions between Nanomaterials and Placental Development and Function Following Oral Exposure. Reproductive Toxicology - Published Online August 2019. ISSN 0890-6238, doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.016.	Nanoparticles, Nano-Toxicology, Placental Function	We summarize the literature involving the deposition of nanomaterials within the placenta following oral exposure and the biological interactions between nanomaterials and placental development and function. The review focuses on the oral exposure of metal and metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), carbon-based ENMs, and nanoplastics in animal models, with a minor discussion of intravenous injections. Although the literature suggests that the placenta is an efficient barrier in preventing nanomaterials from reaching the fetus, nanomaterials that accumulate in the placenta may interfere with its development and function. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated a decrease in placental weight and association with adverse fetal health outcomes following oral exposure to nanomaterials. Since nanomaterials are increasingly used in food, food packaging, and have been discovered in drinking water, the risk for adverse impacts on placental development and functions, with secondary effects on embryo-fetal development, following unintentional maternal ingestion of nanomaterials requires further investigation.		<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623818306701" target="_blank" title="Read at Science Direct" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biological Interactions between Nanomaterials and Placental Development and Function Following Oral Exposure</a></h4>
Rethinking restoration targets for American chestnut using species distribution modeling	Jessica Cavin Barnes, Jason Delborne	2019	Barnes, J.C. and Delborne, J.A. (2019) Rethinking restoration targets for American chestnut using species distribution modeling. Biodiversity and Conservation, FirstOnline doi: 10.1007/s10531-019-01814-8.	Environmental Conservation, Genetic Engineering, Forestry, Forest Biotechnology, Native Plants	Given the scale and speed of contemporary environmental changes, intensive conservation interventions are increasingly being proposed that would assist the evolution of adaptive traits in threatened species. The ambition of these projects is tempered by a number of concerns, including the potential maladaptation of manipulated organisms for contemporary and future climatic conditions in their historical ranges. Following the guidelines of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, we use a species distribution model (SDM) to consider the potential impact of climate change on the distribution and quantity of suitable habitat for American chestnut (Castanea dentata), a functionally extinct forest species that has been the focus of various restoration efforts for over 100 years. Consistent with other SDMs for North American trees, our model shows contraction of climatically suitable habitat for American chestnut within the speciesâ€™ historical range and the expansion of climatically suitable habitat in regions to the north of it by 2080. These broad changes have significant implications for restoration practice. In particular, they highlight the importance of germplasm conservation, local adaptation, and addressing knowledge gaps about the interspecific interactions of American chestnut. More generally, this model demonstrates that the goals of assisted evolution projects, which often aim to maintain species in their native ranges, need to account for the uncertainty and novelty of future environmental conditions.		<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-019-01814-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rethinking restoration targets for American chestnut using species distribution modeling</a></h4>
Synthetic Biology and the United Nations	Todd Kuiken	2019	Hung-En Lai, Caoimhe Canavan, Loren Cameron, Simon Moore, Monika Danchenko, Todd Kuiken, et. al. (2019) Synthetic Biology and the United Nations. Trends in Biotechnology. ISSN 0167-7799, doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.05.011. Download PDF	Synthetic Biology, United Nations, Regulatory Policy, Biodiversity, Conservation, International Treaty	Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging interdisciplinary field of science and engineering that aims to redesign living systems through reprogramming genetic information. The field has catalysed global debate among policymakers and publics. Here we describe how synthetic biology relates to these international deliberations, particularly the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).		<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779919301337" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Synthetic Biology and the United Nations</a></h4>
Workshop Report for â€œExploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Development of a Gene Drive Mouse for Biodiversity Protection on Islandsâ€	Jason Delborne, Katie Barnhill-Dilling	2019	Mahmud Farooque, S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling, Julie Shapiro, and Jason Delborne. â€œExploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Development of a Gene Drive Mouse for Biodiversity Protection on Islandsâ€ Workshop Report. June 2019. Available online at http://go.ncsu.edu/ges-gene-drive-workshop. Download PDF	Island Biodiversity, Gene Drive, Stakeholder Engagement, Species Conservation			<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/research/biodiversity-and-gene-drive-mice/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Workshop Report for â€œExploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Development of a Gene Drive Mouse for Biodiversity Protection on Islandsâ€</a></h4>
Genetic frontiers for conservation: An assessment of synthetic biology and biodiversity conservation	Todd Kuiken, Jason Delborne, Adam Kokotovich	2019	Genetic frontiers for conservation : an assessment of synthetic biology and biodiversity conservation: synthesis and key messages. IUCN Task Force on Synthetic Biology and Biodiversity Conservation. 2019. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2019.04.en. Download PDF	Synthetic Biology, Biodiversity Conservation, Genetic Resources, IUCN, International Union For Conservation Of Nature	In recent years synthetic biology has emerged as a suite of techniques and technologies that enable humans to read, interpret, modify, design and manufacture DNA in order to rapidly influence the forms and functions of cells and organisms, with the potential to reach whole species and ecosystems. As synthetic biology continues to evolve, new tools emerge, novel applications are proposed, and basic research is applied. This assessment is one part of IUCNâ€™s effort to provide recommendations and guidance regarding the potential positive and negative impacts of synthetic biology on biodiversity conservation; it comprises a full assessment and a short synthesis report.		<h4><a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/48409" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genetic frontiers for conservation: An assessment of synthetic biology and biodiversity conservation</a></h4>
Gene drive dynamics in natural populations: The importance of density-dependence, space and sex	Fred Gould, Sumit Dhole, Alun Lloyd	2019	Sumit Dhole, Alun L. Lloyd, and Fred Gould. (2020) Gene drive dynamics in natural populations: The importance of density-dependence, space and sex.Â Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics. [Pre-print] submitted May 4, 2020 201901886. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-031120-101013. Download	Gene Drive, Models, Population Ecology, Genetic Pest Management, Underdominance, CRISPR, Spatial Dynamics, Density-Dependence, Population Alteration	The spread of synthetic gene drives is often discussed in the context of panmictic populations connected by gene flow and described with simple deterministic models. Under such assumptions, an entire species could be altered by releasing a single individual carrying an invasive gene drive, such as a standard homing drive. While this remains a theoretical possibility, gene drive spread in natural populations is more complex and merits a more realistic assessment. The fate of any gene drive released in a population would be inextricably linked to the ecology of the population. Given the uncertainty often involved in ecological assessment of natural populations, understanding the sensitivity of gene drive spread to important ecological factors is critical. Here we review how different forms of density-dependence, spatial heterogeneity and mating behaviors can impact the spread of self-sustaining gene drives. We highlight specific aspects of gene drive dynamics and the target populations that need further research.		<h4><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01838" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gene drive dynamics in natural populations: The importance of density-dependence, space and sex</a></h4>
Risk Governance of Nanomaterials: Review of Criteria and Tools for Risk Communication, Evaluation, and Mitigation	Khara Grieger	2019	Isigonis P, Hristozov D, Benighaus C, Giubilato E, Grieger K, Pizzol L, Semenzin E, Linkov I, Zabeo A, Marcomini A. Risk Governance of Nanomaterials: Review of Criteria and Tools for Risk Communication, Evaluation, and Mitigation. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9(5):696. doi: 10.3390/nano9050696 Download PDF	Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Risk Analysis, Tools, Communication, Stakeholders	Nanotechnologies have been increasingly used in industrial applications and consumer products across several sectors, including construction, transportation, energy, and healthcare. The widespread application of these technologies has raised concerns regarding their environmental, health, societal, and economic impacts. This has led to the investment of enormous resources in Europe and beyond into the development of tools to facilitate the risk assessment and management of nanomaterials, and to inform more robust risk governance process. In this context, several risk governance frameworks have been developed. In our study, we present and review those, and identify a set of criteria and tools for risk evaluation, mitigation, and communication, the implementation of which can inform better risk management decision-making by various stakeholders from e.g., industry, regulators, and the civil society. Based on our analysis, we recommend specific methods from decision science and information technologies that can improve the existing risk governance tools so that they can communicate, evaluate, and mitigate risks more transparently, taking stakeholder perspectives and expert opinion into account, and considering all relevant criteria in establishing the risk-benefit balance of these emerging technologies to enable more robust decisions about the governance of their risks.		<h4><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/9/5/696" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Risk Governance of Nanomaterials: Review of Criteria and Tools for Risk Communication, Evaluation, and Mitigation</a></h4>
Emerging risk governance for stratospheric aerosol injection as a climate management technology	Khara Grieger	2019	Khara D. Grieger, Tyler Felgenhauer, Ortwin Renn, Jonathan Wiener, Mark Borsuk (2019). Emerging risk governance for stratospheric aerosol injection as a climate management technology.Â Environment Systems and Decisions. doi: 10.1007/s10669-019-09730-6. Download	Risk Governance, Climate Engineering, Stratospheric Aerosols	Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) as a solar radiation management (SRM) technology may provide a cost-effective means of avoiding some of the worst impacts of climate change, being perhaps orders of magnitude less expensive than greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. At the same time, SAI technologies have deeply uncertain economic and environmental impacts and complex ethical, legal, political, and international relations ramifications. Robust governance strategies are needed to manage the many potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties related to SAI. This perspective reviews the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC)â€™s guidelines for emerging risk governance (ERG) as an approach for responsible consideration of SAI, given the IRGCâ€™s experience in governing other more conventional risks. We examine how the five steps of the IRGCâ€™s ERG guidelines would address the complex, uncertain, and ambiguous risks presented by SAI. Diverse risks are identified in Step 1, scenarios to amplify or dissipate the risks are identified in Step 2, and applicable risk management options identified in Step 3. Steps 4 and 5 involve implementation and review by risk managers within an established organization. For full adoption and promulgation of the IRGCâ€™s ERG guidelines, an international consortium or governing body (or set of bodies) should be tasked with governance and oversight. This Perspective provides a first step at reviewing the risk governance tasks that such a body would undertake and contributes to the growing literature on best practices for SRM governance.		<h4><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2019.1591145" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Emerging risk governance for stratospheric aerosol injection as a climate management technology</a></h4>
Developing a Comprehensive, Adaptive, and International Biosafety and Biosecurity Program for Advanced Biotechnology: The iGEM Experience	Todd Kuiken	2019	Millett, P., Binz, T., Evans, S. W., Kuiken, T., et al (2019). Developing a Comprehensive, Adaptive, and International Biosafety and Biosecurity Program for Advanced Biotechnology: The iGEM Experience. Applied Biosafety. doi: 10.1177/1535676019838075 Download PDF	Synthetic Biology, Biological Engineering, Biotechnology, Adaptive Biosafety, IGEM, Genetic Engineering	Introduction: The international synthetic biology competition iGEM (formally known as the international Genetically Engineered Machines competition) has a dedicated biosafety and biosecurity program.Method: A review of specific elements of the program and a series of concrete examples illustrate how experiences in implementing the program have helped improved policy, including an increasing diversity of sources for genetic parts and organisms, keeping pace with technical developments, considering pathways toward future environmental release, addressing antimicrobial resistance, and testing the efficacy of current biosecurity arrangements.Results: iGEMâ€™s program is forward-leaning, in that it addresses both traditional (pathogen-based) and emerging risks both in terms of new technologies and new risks. It is integrated into the technical work of the competitionâ€”with clearly described roles and responsibilities for all members of the community. It operates throughout the life cycle of projectsâ€”from project design to future application. It makes use of specific tools to gather and review biosafety and biosecurity information, making it easier for those planning and conducting science and engineering to recognize potential risks and match them with appropriate risk management approaches, as well as for specialists to review this information to identify gaps and strengthen plans.Discussion: Integrating an increasingly adaptive risk management approach has allowed iGEMâ€™s biosafety and biosecurity program to become comprehensive, be cross-cutting, and cover the competitionâ€™s life cycle.		<h4><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1535676019838075" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Developing a Comprehensive, Adaptive, and International Biosafety and Biosecurity Program for Advanced Biotechnology: The iGEM Experience</a></h4>
Anticipating risks, governance needs, and public perceptions of de-extinction	Rene Valdez, Jennifer Kuzma	2019	Rene X. Valdez, Jennifer Kuzma, Christopher L. Cummings & M. Nils Peterson (2019) Anticipating risks, governance needs, and public perceptions of de-extinction.Â Journal of Responsible Innovation. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2019.1591145. Download	De-Extinction, Governance, Environmental Risk, Moral Risk, Technological Pessimism	Advances in biotechnology may allow for de-extinction. Potential impacts of de-extinct species remain uncertain; they may improve ecosystem function, or hinder conservation efforts and damage socio-ecological systems. To better anticipate de-extinction's outcomes, ethical dilemmas, and governance needs, we surveyed experts from multiple disciplinary backgrounds. We applied a mixed-method approach to our analysis, integrating quantitative responses of perceived outcomes with qualitative responses, to clarify and provide context. Overall, respondents indicated de-extinction was more likely to induce hazards, not benefits. Reasons for this viewpoint included a â€˜moral hazardâ€™ argument, suggesting conservation policies could be undermined if society perceives that species need less protection because they can be revived later. Pessimistic views of de-extinction were linked to concerns about unclear development paths. Experts believed the public might be skeptical about de-extinction. Our results suggest future de-extinction efforts may benefit from collaborative efforts to clarify hazards and explore salient concerns among the engaged public.		<h4><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2019.1591145" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anticipating risks, governance needs, and public perceptions of de-extinction</a></h4>
Governing evolution: A socioecological comparison of resistance management for insecticidal transgenic Bt crops among four countries	Zack Brown	2019	CarriÃ¨re, Y., Brown, Z.S., Downes, S.J. et al (2019). Governing evolution: A socioecological comparison of resistance management for insecticidal transgenic Bt crops among four countries. Ambio. doi: 10.1007/s13280-019-01167-0 Download PDF	Bt Crops, Resistance Management, Governance, Transgenic Crops, Insecticide	Cooperative management of pest susceptibility to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops is pursued worldwide in a variety of forms and to varying degrees of success depending on context. We examine this context using a comparative socioecological analysis of resistance management in Australia, Brazil, India, and the United States. We find that a shared understanding of resistance risks among government regulators, growers, and other actors is critical for effective governance. Furthermore, monitoring of grower compliance with resistance management requirements, surveillance of resistance, and mechanisms to support rapid implementation of remedial actions are essential to achieve desirable outcomes. Mandated resistance management measures, strong coordination between actors, and direct linkages between the group that appraises resistance risks and growers also appear to enhance prospects for effective governance. Our analysis highlights factors that could improve current governance systems and inform other initiatives to conserve susceptibility as a contribution to the cause of public good.		<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01167-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Governing evolution: A socioecological comparison of resistance management for insecticidal transgenic Bt crops among four countries</a></h4>
Pest Management by Genetic Addiction	Fred Gould, Sumit Dhole, Alun Lloyd	2019	Fred Gould, Sumit Dhole, and Alun L. Lloyd. Pest management by genetic addiction.Â Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences Mar 2019, 201901886. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1901886116. Download	Genetic Engineering, Genetic Pest Management, National Academies, Gene Drives, Medea, Crispr Cas-9			<h4><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/03/14/1901886116" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pest Management by Genetic Addiction</a></h4>
A potential new tool for the toolbox: Assessing gene drives for eradicating invasive rodent populations	J. Royden Saah, John Godwin, Fred Gould, Jason Delborne, Todd Kuiken, Megan Serr	2019	Campbell, K. J., Saah, J. R., Brown, P. R., Godwin, J., Gould, F., Howald, G. R., Piaggio, A., Thomas, P., Tompkins, D. M., Threadgill, D., Delborne, J., Kanavy, D. M., Kuiken, T., Packard, H., Serr, M. & Shiels, A. (2019) A potential new tool for the toolbox: Assessing gene drives for eradicating invasive rodent populations. In: Island invasives: Scaling up to meet the challenge, eds. C. R. Veitch, M. N. Clout, A. R. Martin, J. C. Russell & C. J. West, pp. 6-14. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Download	Invasive Species, Invasive Species Eradication, Islands, Species Management, Biological Diversity, Biological Invasions, Case Studies, Proceedings, IUCN, International Union For Conservation Of Nature	The papers in this volume were, with a few exceptions, presented at the third Island Invasives conference, held in Dundee, Scotland in July 2017. The papers demonstrate up-scaling in several aspects of eradication operations â€“ not least in ambition, land area, operational size, global reach and of course financial cost. In the space of a few decades, the size of islands treated for invasive species has increased by five orders of magnitude â€“ from a few hectares to over 100,000 ha or 1,000 km2. Meanwhile, the diversity of species being tackled has increased, as has the range of countries now actively carrying out island restoration work. Inspired by pioneers from New Zealand and Australia, principally, today the movement has spread to islands in all oceans and off all continents. This expansion has been informed by, and has in turn produced, growing experience in all aspects of this field, from non-target impacts to ecological responses to factors affecting eradication success. A major aim of publishing these Proceedings is to inform people who are, or will in the future be, planning new projects to free islands of invasive species. Regardless of its location or the target species involved, each successive operation builds on the experience of those who have gone before, and the papers in this volume represent an invaluable wealth of such experience.		<h4><a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/48358" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A potential new tool for the toolbox: Assessing gene drives for eradicating invasive rodent populations</a></h4>
Towards a genetic approach to invasive rodent eradications: assessing reproductive competitiveness between wild and laboratory mice	Megan Serr, John Godwin	2019	Serr, M., Heard, N. & Godwin, J. (2019) Towards a genetic approach to invasive rodent eradications: assessing reproductive competitiveness between wild and laboratory mice. In: Island invasives: Scaling up to meet the challenge, eds. C. R. Veitch, M. N. Clout, A. R. Martin, J. C. Russell & C. J. West, pp. 64-70. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Download	Competition, Gene Drive, Invasive Rodents, Reproductive Fitness, Secondary Invasion	House mice are significant invasive pests, particularly on islands without native mammalian predators. As part of a multi-institutional project aimed at suppressing invasive mouse populations on islands, we aim to create heavily male-biased sex ratios with the goal of causing the populations to crash. Effective implementation of this approach will depend on engineered F1 wild-lab males being effective secondary invaders that can mate successfully. As a first step in assessing this possibility, we are characterising genetic and behavioural diff erences between Mus musculus strains in terms of mating and fecundity using wild house mice derived from an invasive population on the Farallon Islands (MmF), a laboratory strain C57BL/6/129 (tw2), and F1 wild-lab off spring. Mice with the â€˜t alleleâ€™ (tw2) have a naturally occurring gene drive system. To assess fertility in F1 wild-lab crosses, tw2 males were paired with wild-derived females from the Farallon Islands (MmF). Results of these matings indicate litter sizes are comparable but that weaned pup and adult wild-lab mice are heavier in mass. Next, we initiated tests of male competitiveness using larger (3 m2) enclosures with enrichment. We introduced both an MmF and a tw2-bearing male to two MmF females to assess mating outcomes. Preliminary results of these experiments show none of the off spring carried the t-allele. However, performing the same experiment with F1 wildlab males instead of a full lab background resulted in 70% of off spring carrying the tw2 allele. This indicates that F1 wildlab males may be able to successfully compete and secondarily invade. It will be important in subsequent experiments to determine what characteristics contribute to secondary invasion success. More generally, a better understanding of characteristics contributing to overall success in increasingly complex and naturalistic environments will be critical in determining the potential of a gene drive-based eradication approach for invasive mice on islands.		<h4><a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/48358" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Towards a genetic approach to invasive rodent eradications: assessing reproductive competitiveness between wild and laboratory mice</a></h4>
Procedurally Robust Risk Assessment Framework for Novel Genetically Engineered Organisms and Gene Drives	Jennifer Kuzma	2019	Jennifer Kuzma (2019). Procedurally Robust Risk Assessment Framework for Novel Genetically Engineered Organisms and Gene Drives. Regulation and Governance doi: 10.1111/rego.12245. Download	Gene Drive, Gene Editing, GMO, Governance, Risk Analysis			<h4><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rego.12245" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Procedurally Robust Risk Assessment Framework for Novel Genetically Engineered Organisms and Gene Drives</a></h4>
Sustainability as a Framework for Considering Gene Drive Mice for Invasive Rodent Eradication	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Megan Serr, John Godwin	2019	S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling, Megan Serr, Dimitri V. Blondel and John Godwin(2019). Sustainability as a Framework for Considering Gene Drive Mice for Invasive Rodent Eradication. Sustainability. doi: 10.3390/su11051334 Download				<h4><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/5/1334" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sustainability as a Framework for Considering Gene Drive Mice for Invasive Rodent Eradication</a></h4>
Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Development of a Gene Drive Mouse for Biodiversity Protection on Islands	Jason Delborne, Dalton George	2019	Jason Delborne, Julie Shapiro, Mahmud Farooque, Tyler Ford, Dalton George, and Sonia Dermer. "Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Development of a Gene Drive Mouse for Biodiversity Protection on Islands."Â Summary Report of Stakeholder Interviews. February 2019. Available online at https://go.ncsu.edu/ges-gene-drive-landscape.Â Download PDF				<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/2019/02/report-gene-drive-landscape/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Development of a Gene Drive Mouse for Biodiversity Protection on Islands</a></h4>
International news media framing of invasive rodent eradications	Rene Valdez, Elizabeth Pitts, Jason Delborne	2019	Valdez, R. X., Peterson, M. N., Pitts, E. A., & Delborne, J. A. (2019). International news media framing of invasive rodent eradications. Biological Invasions, First Online. doi: 10.1007/s10530-018-01911-9 Download				<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320718315052?dgcid=author" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">International news media framing of invasive rodent eradications</a></h4>
The genetically engineered American chestnut tree as opportunity for reciprocal restoration in Haudenosaunee communities	Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Jason Delborne	2019	S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling, Jason A. Delborne. The genetically engineered American chestnut tree as opportunity for reciprocal restoration in Haudenosaunee communitiesÂ Biological Conservation, Volume 232, 2019, Pages 1-7 doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.018 Download				<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320718315052?dgcid=author" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The genetically engineered American chestnut tree as opportunity for reciprocal restoration in Haudenosaunee communities</a></h4>
Promises and Perils of Gene Drives: Navigating the Communication of Complex, Post-Normal Science	Fred Gould	2019	Dominique Brossard, Pam Belluck, Fred Gould, Christopher D. Wirz. Promises and Perils of Gene Drives: Navigating the Communication of Complex, Post-Normal ScienceÂ Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1805874115 Download				<h4><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/01/11/1805874115" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Promises and Perils of Gene Drives: Navigating the Communication of Complex, Post-Normal Science</a></h4>
Report: Forest Health and Biotechnology: Possibilities and Considerations	Jason Delborne	2019	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Forest Health and Biotechnology: Possibilities and Considerations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/25221. Download Report and Highlights				<h4><a href="https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25221/forest-health-and-biotechnology-possibilities-and-considerations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Report: Forest Health and Biotechnology: Possibilities and Considerations</a></h4>
Regulating Gene-Edited Crops	Jennifer Kuzma	2018	Kuzma, Jennifer. Regulating Gene-Edited Crops.Â Issues in Science and TechnologyÂ 35, no. 1 (Fall 2018). pp. 80-85.Â https://issues.org/regulating-gene-edited-crops. Download				<h4><a href="https://issues.org/issue/35-1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Regulating Gene-Edited Crops</a></h4>
The role of citizen science in addressing grand challenges in food and agriculture research	Jason Delborne	2018	S. F. Ryan, N. L. Adamson, A. Aktipis, L. K. Andersen, R. Austin..., J. A. Delborne, et. al. (2018). The role of citizen science in addressing grand challenges in food and agriculture research. Proc. R. Soc. B 2018 285 20181977; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1977. Published 21 November 2018. Download				<h4><a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1891/20181977" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The role of citizen science in addressing grand challenges in food and agriculture research</a></h4>
Editing nature: Local roots of global governance	Jennifer Kuzma	2018	Natalie Kofler, James P. Collins, Jennifer Kuzma, Emma Marris, Kevin Esvelt, Michael Paul Nelson, et al. (2018). Editing nature: Local roots of global governance - Environmental gene editing demands collective oversight. Science 02 Nov 2018: Vol. 362, Issue 6414, pp. 527-529. DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4612. Download				<h4><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6414/527" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Editing nature: Local roots of global governance</a></h4>
Engaging community with humility	Jason Delborne, Adam Kokotovich, Katie Barnhill-Dilling	2018	Jason Delborne, Adam Kokotovich, S. Kathleen Barnhill-Dilling (2018). Engaging community with humility. Science 02 Nov 2018: Vol. 362, Issue 6414, pp. 532-33. DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4987. Download				<h4><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6414/532.2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Engaging community with humility</a></h4>
Bt Resistance Implications for Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Insecticide Resistance Management in the United States	Dominic Reisig	2018	Dominic D Reisig, Ryan Kurtz; Bt Resistance Implications forÂ Helicoverpa zeaÂ (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Insecticide Resistance Management in the United States,Â Environmental Entomology, nvy142,Â DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy142 Download				<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/ee/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ee/nvy142/5096937" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bt Resistance Implications for Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Insecticide Resistance Management in the United States </a></h4>
Biotechnology, the American Chestnut Tree, and Public Engagement (Workshop Report)	Jason Delborne, Andrew Binder, Louie Rivers, Jessica Cavin Barnes, Katie Barnhill-Dilling, Dalton George, Adam Kokotovich, Jayce Sudweeks	2018	Delborne, J.A., Binder, A.R., Rivers, L., Barnes, J.C., Barnhill-Dilling, S.K., George, D., Kokotovich, A., and Sudweeks, J. (2018). Biotechnology, the American Chestnut Tree, and Public Engagement (Workshop Report). Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University. Download				<h4><a href="http://go.ncsu.edu/ges-chestnut-report" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biotechnology, the American Chestnut Tree, and Public Engagement (Workshop Report)</a></h4>
Cataloguing the barriers facing RRI in innovation pathways: a response to the dilemma of societal alignment	Jennifer Kuzma, Pat Roberts	2018	Jennifer Kuzma and Pat Roberts (2018). Cataloguing the barriers facing RRI in innovation pathways: a response to the dilemma of societal alignment. Journal of Responsible Innovation, DOI: 10.1080/23299460.2018.1511329. Download				<h4><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2018.1511329" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cataloguing the barriers facing RRI in innovation pathways: a response to the dilemma of societal alignment</a></h4>
Potential Implications of New Synthetic Biology and Genomic Research Trajectories on the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture	Todd Kuiken	2017	Welch, Eric and Bagley, Margo A. and Kuiken, Todd and Louafi, Selim, Potential Implications of New Synthetic Biology and Genomic Research Trajectories on the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (October 1, 2017). Emory Legal Studies Research Paper. Available at SSRN https://ssrn.com/abstract=3173781 or Download				<h4><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3173781" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Potential Implications of New Synthetic Biology and Genomic Research Trajectories on the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture</a></h4>
An Introduction to the Proceedings of the Environmental Release of Engineered Pests: Building an International Governance Framework	Zack Brown, Fred Gould	2018	Zachary S. Brown (2018) Introduction. Ed. Zachary S. Brown, Lucy Carter, and Fred Gould. An Introduction to the Proceedings of the Environmental Release of Engineered Pests: Building an International Governance Framework. BMC Proceedings 2018 12 (Suppl 8):10. doi: 10.1186/s12919-018-0105-1. Download				<h4><a href="https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-018-0105-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to the Proceedings of the Environmental Release of Engineered Pests: Building an International Governance Framework </a></h4>
Towards Inclusive Social Appraisal: Risk, Participation and Democracy in Governance of Synthetic Biology	Jason Delborne	2018	Stirling, A., Hayes, K. R., Delborne, J. A. (2018). Towards Inclusive Social Appraisal: Risk, Participation and Democracy in Governance of Synthetic Biology. Ed. Zachary S. Brown, Lucy Carter, and Fred Gould. An Introduction to the Proceedings of the Environmental Release of Engineered Pests: Building an International Governance Framework. BMC Proceedings 2018 12 (Suppl 8):15 doi: 10.1186/s12919-018-0111-3. Download				<h4><a href="https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-018-0111-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Towards Inclusive Social Appraisal: Risk, Participation and Democracy in Governance of Synthetic Biology </a></h4>
Genome Editing in Agriculture:Â Methods, Applications, and Governance	Jennifer Kuzma	2018	Adam J. Bogdanove,Â David M. Donovan,Â Estefania Elorriaga, Jennifer Kuzma, Katia Pauwels, Steven H. Stauus, Daniel F. Voytas. Genome Editing in Agriculture:Â Methods, Applications, and Governance - A paper in the series on The Need for Agricultural Innovation to Sustainably Feed the World by 2050. July 9, 2018, byÂ Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), Issue Paper 60. CAST, Ames, Iowa. Download				<h4><a href="http://cast-science.org/file.cfm/media/products/digitalproducts/CAST_IP60_Gene_Editing_D752224D52A53.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genome Editing in Agriculture:Â Methods, Applications, and Governance </a></h4>
Wicked evolution: Can we address the sociobiological dilemma of pesticide resistance?	Fred Gould, Zack Brown, Jennifer Kuzma	2018	Fred Gould, Zachary Brown and Jennifer Kuzma. Wicked evolution: Can we address the sociobiological dilemma of pesticide resistance? Science 18 May 2018: Vol. 360, Issue 6390, pp. 728-732. DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3780. Download				<h4><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6390/728" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wicked evolution: Can we address the sociobiological dilemma of pesticide resistance?</a></h4>
How social science should complement scientific discovery: lessons from nanoscience	David Berube	2018	Berube, David M. 2018. How social science should complement scientific discovery: lessons from nanoscience.Â J Nanopart Res 20:5 May 2018. doi: 10.1007/s11051-018-4210-x.Â Download				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-018-4210-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How social science should complement scientific discovery: lessons from nanoscience</a></h4>
The Science Behind the News: Gene Drive	Fred Gould	2018	National Academy of Sciences. 2018. Fred Gould talk "The Science Behind the News: Gene Drive" summarized in The Science of Science Communication III: Inspiring Novel Collaborations and Building Capacity: Proceedings of a Colloquium, pp 63-65. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24958. Download				<h4><a href="https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24958/the-science-of-science-communication-iii-inspiring-novel-collaborations-and" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Science Behind the News: Gene Drive</a></h4>
Comparative, collaborative, and integrative risk governance for emerging technologies	Jennifer Kuzma, David Berube	2018	Igor Linkov, Benjamin D.Â Trump, Elke Anklam, David Berube, Patrick Boisseasu, Christopher Cummings, Scott Ferson, Marie-Valentine Florin, Jennifer Kuzma; et al. 2018. Comparative, collaborative, and integrative risk governance for emerging technologies, Environment Systems and Decisions, 1-7, doi: 10.1007/s10669-018-9686-5. Download				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10669-018-9686-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Comparative, collaborative, and integrative risk governance for emerging technologies</a></h4>
Voluntary Programs To Encourage Refuges for Pesticide Resistance Management: Lessons from a Quasi-Experiment	Zack Brown	2018	Zachary S Brown; Voluntary Programs To Encourage Refuges for Pesticide Resistance Management: Lessons from a Quasi-Experiment, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 100, Issue 3, 1 April 2018, Pages 844â€“867, doi: 10.1093/ajae/aay004. Download				<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/ajae/article/100/3/844/4954168" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Voluntary Programs To Encourage Refuges for Pesticide Resistance Management: Lessons from a Quasi-Experiment</a></h4>
Vigilante Environmentalism: Are Gene Drives Changing How We Value and Govern Ecosystems?	Todd Kuiken	2019	Kuiken, T. 2018. Vigilante Environmentalism: Are Gene Drives Changing How We Value and Govern Ecosystems? In Gene Editing, Law, and the Environment: Life beyond the human. Edited by Irus Braverman. Routledge. ISBN: 9781138051126.				<h4><a href="https://www.routledge.com/gene-editing-law-and-the-environment-life-beyond-the-human/braverman/p/book/9781138051126" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vigilante Environmentalism: Are Gene Drives Changing How We Value and Govern Ecosystems?</A></h4>
Mapping research and governance needs for gene drives	Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Jason Delborne, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2018	Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Emma Frow, Caroline Leitschuh and Jayce Sudweeks. 2018. Mapping research and governance needs for gene drives. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1419413. [Introduction to Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1419413" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mapping research and governance needs for gene drives</a></h4>
A roadmap for gene drives: using institutional analysis and development to frame research needs and governance in a systems context	Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Zack Brown, Jason Delborne, Caroline Leitschuh, Sharon Stauffer, Jayce Sudweeks	2017	J. Kuzma, F. Gould, Z. Brown, J. Collins, J. Delborne, E. Frow, K. Esvelt, D. Guston, C. Leitschuh, K. Oye and S. Stauffer. 2017. A roadmap for gene drives: using institutional analysis and development to frame research needs and governance in a systems context. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1410344. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1410344" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A roadmap for gene drives: using institutional analysis and development to frame research needs and governance in a systems context</a></h4>
Harnessing gene drive	Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2018	John Min, Andrea L. Smidler, Devora Najjar, and Kevin M. Esvelt. 2017. Harnessing gene drive. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1415586. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1415586" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Harnessing gene drive</a></h4>
Gene drive to reduce malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa	Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2018	Austin Burt, Mamadou Coulibaly, Andrea Crisanti, Abdoulaye Diabate, and Jonathan K. Kayondo. 2018. Gene drive to reduce malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1419410. [Special Issue edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1419410" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gene drive to reduce malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa</a></h4>
Anticipating complexity in the deployment of gene drive insects in agriculture	Jennifer Baltzegar, Jessica Cavin Barnes, Johanna Elsensohn, Nicole Gutzmann, Michael S. Jones, Sheron King, Jayce Sudweeks, Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh	2018	Jennifer Baltzegar, Jessica Cavin Barnes, Johanna E. Elsensohn, Nicole Gutzmann, Michael S. Jones, Sheron King, and Jayce Sudweeks. 2017. Anticipating complexity in the deployment of gene drive insects in agriculture. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1407910. [Special Issue edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1407910" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anticipating complexity in the deployment of gene drive insects in agriculture</a></h4>
Agricultural production: assessment of the potential use of Cas9-mediated gene drive systems for agricultural pest control	Fred Gould, Maxwell Scott, Marce Lorenzen, Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2017	Maxwell J. Scott, Fred Gould, MarcÃ© Lorenzen, Nathaniel Grubbs, Owain Edwards and David Oâ€™Brochta. 2017. Agricultural production: assessment of the potential use of Cas9-mediated gene drive systems for agricultural pest control. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1410343. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2017.1410343" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Agricultural production: assessment of the potential use of Cas9-mediated gene drive systems for agricultural pest control</a></h4>
Developing gene drive technologies to eradicate invasive rodents from islands	Caroline Leitschuh, Gregory Backus, Rene Valdez, Megan Serr, Elizabeth Pitts, John Godwin, Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Jayce Sudweeks	2017	Caroline M. Leitschuh, Dona Kanavy, Gregory A. Backus, Rene X. Valdez, Megan Serr, Elizabeth A. Pitts, David Threadgill and John Godwin. 2017. Developing gene drive technologies to eradicate invasive rodents from islands. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1365232. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1365232" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Developing gene drive technologies to eradicate invasive rodents from islands</a></h4>
Identifying and detecting potentially adverse ecological outcomes associated with the release of gene-drive modified organisms	Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2018	K.R. Hayes, G.R. Hosack, G.V. Dana, S.D. Foster, J.H. Ford, R. Thresher, A. Ickowicz, D. Peel, M. Tizard, P. De Barro, T. Strive and J. M. Dambacher. 2018. Identifying and detecting potentially adverse ecological outcomes associated with the release of gene-drive modified organisms. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1415585. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1415585" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Identifying and detecting potentially adverse ecological outcomes associated with the release of gene-drive modified organisms</a></h4>
The roles of ethics in gene-drive research and governance	Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2018	Paul B. Thompson. 2018. The roles of ethics in gene-drive research and governance. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1415587. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1415587" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The roles of ethics in gene-drive research and governance</a></h4>
Economic issues to consider for gene drives	Zack Brown, Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2017	Paul D. Mitchell, Zachary Brown and Neil McRoberts. 2017. Economic issues to consider for gene drives. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1407914. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23299460.2017.1407914" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Economic issues to consider for gene drives</a></h4>
Anomaly handling and the politics of gene drives	Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2018	Sam Weiss Evans and Megan J. Palmer. 2017. Anomaly handling and the politics of gene drives. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1407911. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2017.1407911" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anomaly handling and the politics of gene drives</a></h4>
Gene drives and the management of agricultural pests	Jason Delborne, Jennifer Kuzma, Fred Gould, Caroline Leitschuh, Jayce Sudweeks	2017	Raul F. Medina. 2017. Gene drives and the management of agricultural pests. Journal of Responsible Innovation. Vol. 5, Iss. sup1, 2018. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2017.1407913. [Special Issue: Roadmap to Gene Drives: Research and Governance Needs in Social, Political, and Ecological Context. Edited by J. Delborne, J. Kuzma, F. Gould, E. Frow, C. Leitschuh, and J. Sudweeks]. Download				<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2017.1407913" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gene drives and the management of agricultural pests</a></h4>
A Cooperative Governance Network for Crops Produced by Genome Editing	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Jordan, N., K.M. Dorn, K.E. Wolf, P.M. Ewing, A.L. Fernandez, B.C. Runck, A. Williams, Y. Lu and, J. Kuzma. (2017). A Cooperative Governance Network for Crops Produced by Genome Editing. EMBO Journal, DOI: 10.15252/Embr.201744394. Download				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.15252/embr.201744394/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A Cooperative Governance Network for Crops Produced by Genome Editing</a></h4>
Society and Policy Makers' Responsibilities	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Kuzma, J. (2017). "Society and Policy Makers' Responsibilities" In Consumer Perception of Product Risks and Benefits Eds: G. Emilien, R. Weitkunat and F. Luedicke. Springer: Dordrecht.				<h4><a href="http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319505282" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Society and Policy Makers' Responsibilities</a></h4>
Trails and Trials in Biotechnology Policy	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Kuzma, J. (2017). Trails and Trials in Biotechnology Policy. Pp 85-95 In Women in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Biotechnology Ed. L. Privalle. Springer.				<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2017/11/Trails-and-Trials-Women-in-Sustainable-AgBiotech-Kuzma-Ch6.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Trails and Trials in Biotechnology Policy</a></h4>
Risk, Environmental Governance, and Emerging Biotechnology	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Kuzma J. (2017). "Risk, Environmental Governance, and Emerging Biotechnology" In Environmental Governance Reconsidered: Challenges, Choices, and Opportunities, 2nd Edition. Eds. R. Durant, DJ Fiorino, and R O'Leary. MIT Press				<h4><a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262533317/environmental-governance-reconsidered/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Risk, Environmental Governance, and Emerging Biotechnology</a></h4>
Forum: Biosecurity Governance for a Realistic New World	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Kuzma J. (2017). Forum: Biosecurity Governance for a Realistic New World. Issues in Science and Technology 33: (2).				<h4><a href="http://issues.org/33-2/forum-33/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Forum: Biosecurity Governance for a Realistic New World</a></h4>
Societal Risk Evaluation Scheme (SRES): Scenario-based Multi-criteria Evaluation of Synthetic Biology Applications	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Cummings C. and J. Kuzma (2017) Societal Risk Evaluation Scheme (SRES): Scenario-based Multi-criteria Evaluation of Synthetic Biology Applications. PLoS ONE 12(1): E0168564. doi: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0168564				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0168564" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Societal Risk Evaluation Scheme (SRES): Scenario-based Multi-criteria Evaluation of Synthetic Biology Applications</a></h4>
A Decision Analytic Model to Guide Early-Stage Government Regulatory Action: Applications for Synthetic Biology	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Trump B., Cummings C, Kuzma, J. and I. Linkov (2017). A Decision Analytic Model to Guide Early-Stage Government Regulatory Action: Applications for Synthetic Biology. Regulation and Governance doi:10.1111/Rego.12142.				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rego.12142/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A Decision Analytic Model to Guide Early-Stage Government Regulatory Action: Applications for Synthetic Biology</a></h4>
Preparing for the Future of Biotechnology	Jennifer Kuzma	2017	Jennifer Kuzma, Committee member and co-author. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24605.				<h4><a href="https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24605/preparing-for-future-products-of-biotechnology" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preparing for the Future of Biotechnology</a></h4>
Ethics and responsible innovation in biotechnology communities: A pedagogy of engaged scholarship	Jennifer Kuzma, Joseph Herkert, Erin Banks	2017	Herkert J., Kuzma, J. Roberts, P., Banks, E (2017). Ethics and responsible innovation in biotechnology communities: A pedagogy of engaged scholarship. Proceedings of the 2017 ASEE Annual Conference 18015: 1-20.				<h4><a href="https://www.asee.org/public/conferences/78/papers/18015/view" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ethics and responsible innovation in biotechnology communities: A pedagogy of engaged scholarship</a></h4>
Evaluating strategies for reversing CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives	Fred Gould, Michael Vella, Christian Gunning, Alun Lloyd	2017	Michael R. Vella, Christian E. Gunning, Alun L. Lloyd & Fred Gould. 2017. Nature: Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 11038 (2017) doi:10.1038/S41598-017-10633-2				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10633-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Evaluating strategies for reversing CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives</a></h4>
Elevating the conversation about GE crops	Fred Gould	2017	Gould, F., Amasino, R.M., Brossard, D., Buell, C.R., Dixon, R.A., et al. (2017). Elevating the conversation about GE crops. Nature Biotechnology 35, 302-304 (2017) doi:10.1038/Nbt.3841				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3841" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Elevating the conversation about GE crops</a></h4>
National Academies Report on Genetically Engineered Crops Guarded Against Bias	Fred Gould	2017	Letter to the Editor: National Academies Report on Genetically Engineered Crops Guarded Against Bias. Committee on Genetically Engineered Crops (Chair: Fred Gould), National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In The Chronicle of Higher Education. June 12, 2017.				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3841" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">National Academies Report on Genetically Engineered Crops Guarded Against Bias</a></h4>
The Economics, Regulation and International Implications of Gene Drives in Agriculture	Zack Brown	2017	Z. S. Brown (2017). The Economics, Regulation and International Implications of Gene Drives in Agriculture. Choices, Quarter 2.				<h4><a href="http://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/submitted-articles/economic-regulatory-and-international-implications-of-gene-drives-in-agriculture" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Economics, Regulation and International Implications of Gene Drives in Agriculture</a></h4>
Spatial patterns of market participation and resource extraction: Fuelwood collection in northern Uganda	Zack Brown	2017	D. Miteva, R. A. Kramer, Z. S. Brown, M. D. Smith (2017). Spatial patterns of market participation and resource extraction: Fuelwood collection in northern Uganda. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Volume 99, Issue 4, 1 July 2017, Pages 1008-1026, doi: 10.1093/Ajae/aax027				<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/ajae/article/99/4/1008/3828074" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Spatial patterns of market participation and resource extraction: Fuelwood collection in northern Uganda</a></h4>
Preference Heterogeneity in the Structural Estimation of Efficient Pigovian Incentives for Insecticide Spraying to Reduce Malaria	Zack Brown	2017	Z. S. Brown, R. A. Kramer (2017). Preference Heterogeneity in the Structural Estimation of Efficient Pigovian Incentives for Insecticide Spraying to Reduce Malaria. Environmental and Resource Economics. doi: 10.1007/S10640-017-0115-x				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-017-0115-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preference Heterogeneity in the Structural Estimation of Efficient Pigovian Incentives for Insecticide Spraying to Reduce Malaria</a></h4>
The value of information in decision-analytic modeling for malaria control in east Africa	Zack Brown	2017	D. Kim, Z. S. Brown, et al. (2017). The value of information in decision-analytic modeling for malaria control in east Africa. Risk Analysis, 37(2): 231-244.				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/risa.12606/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The value of information in decision-analytic modeling for malaria control in east Africa</a></h4>
DARPA's Synthetic Biology Initiatives Could Militarize the Environment	Todd Kuiken	2017	Todd Kuiken. "DARPA's Synthetic Biology Initiatives Could Militarize the Environment" in Slate series Future Tense: The Citizen's Guide to the Future. May 3, 2017.				<h4><a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2017/05/what_happens_if_darpa_uses_synthetic_biology_to_manipulate_mother_nature.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DARPA's Synthetic Biology Initiatives Could Militarize the Environment</a></h4>
Citizen health innovators: exploring stories of modern health	Todd Kuiken	2017	Eleonore Pauwels and Todd Kuiken. Citizen health innovators: exploring stories of modern health. Biocoder #12. O'Reilly Media. April 12, 2017.				<h4><a href="https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/citizen-health-innovators-exploring-stories-of-modern-health" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Citizen health innovators: exploring stories of modern health</a></h4>
Economic Considerations in Vector-Borne Disease Management	Amanda Clayton Walsh	2016	Amanda (Clayton) Walsh. 2016. Economic Considerations in Vector-Borne Disease Management. Ph. D Thesis. [Under the direction of Melinda Morrill and Walter Thurman]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/11112" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Economic Considerations in Vector-Borne Disease Management</a></h4>
Who is an Actor? Analyzing Agency in a Labâ€™s Social World.	Nora Haenn, Arina Loghin	2017	Arina Loghin. 2013. Who is an Actor? Analyzing Agency in a Labâ€™s Social World. M.S. Thesis. [Under the direction of Nora Haenn]. Download				<h4><a href="http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/9448" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Who is an Actor? Analyzing Agency in a Labâ€™s Social World.</a></h4>
Transgenic Pests and Human Health: a Short Overview of Social, Cultural, and Scientific Considerations.	Timothy Antonelli, Amanda Clayton Walsh, Molly Hartzog, Sophia Webster, Gabriel Zilnik	2016	Antonelli, T., Clayton, A., Hartzog, M., Webster, S., and Zilnik, G. 2016. Transgenic Pests and Human Health: a Short Overview of Social, Cultural, and Scientific Considerations. In Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue. Edited by Zach N. Adelman. Academic Press. ISBN: 9780128002469.				<h4><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-LIBAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transgenic Pests and Human Health: a Short Overview of Social, Cultural, and Scientific Considerations.</A></h4>
CRISPR-based Gene Drive in Agriculture Will Face Technical and Governance Challenges	Nicole Gutzmann, Johanna Elsensohn, Jessica Cavin Barnes, Jennifer Baltzegar, Michael S. Jones, Jayce Sudweeks	2017	Nicole Gutzmann, Johanna E. Elsensohn, Jessica Cavin Barnes, Jennifer Baltzegar, Michael S. Jones, and Jayce Sudweeks. 2017. CRISPR-based Gene Drive in Agriculture Will Face Technical and Governance Challenges. EMBO Reports. doi: 10.15252/embr.201744661. Download				<h4><a href="http://embor.embopress.org/content/early/2017/08/07/embr.201744661" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CRISPR-based Gene Drive in Agriculture Will Face Technical and Governance Challenges</a></h4>
Repurposing CRISPR-Cas systems as DNA-based smart antimicrobials	Rodolphe Barrangou	2017	Barrangou R, Ousterout DG. (2017) Repurposing CRISPR-Cas systems as DNA-based smart antimicrobials. Cell & Gene Therapy Insights. 3:63-72 DOI: 10.18609/Cgti.2017.003				<h4><a href="http://insights.bio/cell-and-gene-therapy-insights/?journal_issue=vol-3-issue-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Repurposing CRISPR-Cas systems as DNA-based smart antimicrobials</a></h4>
Deletion of Lipoteichoic Acid Synthase Impacts Expression of Genes Encoding Cell Surface Proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus	Rodolphe Barrangou	2017	Selle K, Goh YJ, Johnson BR, O'Flaherty S, Andersen JM, Barrangou R, Klaenhammer TR. (2017) Deletion of Lipoteichoic Acid Synthase Impacts Expression of Genes Encoding Cell Surface Proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus. Front Microbiol. 8:553. doi: 10.3389/Fmicb.2017.00553.				<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00553/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Deletion of Lipoteichoic Acid Synthase Impacts Expression of Genes Encoding Cell Surface Proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus</a></h4>
Expanding the CRISPR Toolbox: Targeting RNA with Cas13b	Rodolphe Barrangou	2017	Barrangou R, Gersbach CA. (2017) Expanding the CRISPR Toolbox: Targeting RNA with Cas13b. Mol Cell. 65:582-584. doi: 10.1016/J.Molcel.2017.02.002				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s1097276517300941" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Expanding the CRISPR Toolbox: Targeting RNA with Cas13b</a></h4>
CRISPR-Cas Technologies and Applications in Food Bacteria	Rodolphe Barrangou	2017	Stout E, Klaenhammer T, Barrangou R. (2017) CRISPR-Cas Technologies and Applications in Food Bacteria. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 8:413-437. doi: 10.1146/Annurev-food-072816-024723.				<h4><a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-food-072816-024723" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CRISPR-Cas Technologies and Applications in Food Bacteria</a></h4>
CRISPR-based engineering of next-generation lactic acid bacteria	Rodolphe Barrangou	2017	Hidalgo-Cantabrana C, O'Flaherty S, Barrangou R. (2017) CRISPR-based engineering of next-generation lactic acid bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol. 37:79-87. doi: 10.1016/J.Mib.2017.05.015				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s1369527417300437?via=ihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CRISPR-based engineering of next-generation lactic acid bacteria</a></h4>
The S-layer Associated Serine Protease Homolog PrtX Impacts Cell Surface-Mediated Microbe-Host Interactions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM	Rodolphe Barrangou	2017	Johnson BR, O'Flaherty SJ, Goh YJ, Carroll I, Barrangou R, Klaenhammer TR. (2017) The S-layer associated serine protease homolog PrtX impacts cell surface-mediated microbe-host interactions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Front. Microbiol. doi:10.3389/Fmicb.2017.01185				<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01185/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The S-layer Associated Serine Protease Homolog PrtX Impacts Cell Surface-Mediated Microbe-Host Interactions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM</a></h4>
A decade of discovery: CRISPR functions and applications	Rodolphe Barrangou	2017	Barrangou R, Horvath P. (2017) A decade of discovery: CRISPR functions and applications. Nat Microbiol. 2:17092. doi: 10.1038/Nmicrobiol.2017.92				<h4>A decade of discovery: CRISPR functions and applications</h4>
Short DNA containing X sites enhances DNA stability and gene expression in e. Coli cell-free transcription-translation systems	Chase Beisel	2017	Marshall, R., Maxwell, C. S., Collins, S. P., Beisel, C. L. and Noireaux, V. (2017), Short DNA containing X sites enhances DNA stability and gene expression in e. Coli cell-free transcription-translation systems. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 114: 2137-2141. doi:10.1002/Bit.26333				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.26333/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Short DNA containing X sites enhances DNA stability and gene expression in e. Coli cell-free transcription-translation systems</a></h4>
Deciphering, communicating, and engineering the CRISPR PAM	Chase Beisel	2017	Leenay RT & Beisel, C.L. (2017) Deciphering, communicating, and engineering the CRISPR PAM. J Mol Biol 429(2):177-91				<h4>Deciphering, communicating, and engineering the CRISPR PAM</h4>
Effectiveness of Mediation in the State Agency Grievance Process	Jade Berry-James	2017	Jameson, J. K., Berry-James, R. M., Daley, D. M., & Coggburn, J. C. (2017). Effectiveness of Mediation in the State Agency Grievance Process. In The Handbook of Mediation: Theory, Research and Practice. New York, NY:Routledge/Taylor & Francis, pp.164-169. ISBN 987-1-138-12421-9				<h4>Effectiveness of Mediation in the State Agency Grievance Process</h4>
An Empirical Agent-Based Model to Simulate the Adoption of Water Reuse Using the Social Amplification of Risk Framework	Andrew Binder	2017	Kandiah, V., Binder, A. R., & Berglund, E. Z. 2017. An Empirical agent-based model to simulate the adoption of water reuse using the social amplification of risk framework. Risk Analysis. doi:10.1111/Risa.12760				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/risa.12760/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Empirical Agent-Based Model to Simulate the Adoption of Water Reuse Using the Social Amplification of Risk Framework</a></h4>
Do farmers with less education realize higher yield gains from GM maize in developing countries? Evidence from the Philippines	Zack Brown, Michael S. Jones, Roderick Rejesus	2017	Jones, M.S., Roderick, R.M., Brown, Z.S. & Yorobe, J.M., (2017). "Do farmers with less education realize higher yield gains from GM maize in developing countries? Evidence from the Philippines," 2017 Annual Meeting, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, February 4-7, 2017, Mobile, Alabama 252822.				<h4><a href="http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/252822" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Do farmers with less education realize higher yield gains from GM maize in developing countries? Evidence from the Philippines</a></h4>
Reproductive Status of Drosophila Suzukii Females Influences Attraction to Fermentation-Based Baits and Ripe Fruits	Hannah Burrack	2017	Swoboda-Bhattarai, K.S., D.R. McPhie, and H.J. Burrack. 2017. Reproductive Status of Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Females Influences Attraction to Fermentation-Based Baits and Ripe Fruits. Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 110, Issue 4, 1 August 2017, Pages 1648-1652, doi: 10.1093/Jee/tox150				<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/110/4/1648/3852273" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reproductive Status of Drosophila Suzukii Females Influences Attraction to Fermentation-Based Baits and Ripe Fruits</a></h4>
Impact of imidacloprid treated seed and foliar insecticide on Hessian fly abundances in wheat	Hannah Burrack	2017	Howell, F., R. Heiniger, H.J. Burrack, and D. Reisig. 2017. Impact of imidacloprid treated seed and foliar insecticides on Hessian fly in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Protection. 98: 46-55. doi: 10.1016/J.Cropro.2017.03.007				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0261219417300637" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Impact of imidacloprid treated seed and foliar insecticide on Hessian fly abundances in wheat</a></h4>
Feeding preference and performance of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on different soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) tissue types	Hannah Burrack	2017	Suits, R. D. Reisig, and H.J. Burrack. 2017. Feeding preference and performance of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on different soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) tissue types. Florida Entomologist. 100(1):162-167. doi: 10.1653/024.100.0123				<h4><a href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.100.0123" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Feeding preference and performance of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on different soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) tissue types</a></h4>
Season-long programs for control of Drosophila Suzukii in southeastern United States blackberries	Hannah Burrack	2017	Diepenbrock, L.M., J.A. Hardin, H.J. Burrack. 2017. Season-long programs for control of Drosophila Suzukii in southeastern United States blackberries. Crop Protection. 98: 149-156. doi: 10.1016/J.Cropro.2017.03.022				<h4><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.03.022" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Season-long programs for control of Drosophila Suzukii in southeastern United States blackberries</a></h4>
Does florivory by Helicoverpa zea cause yield loss in soybeans?	Hannah Burrack	2017	Reisig, D., R. Suits, H. Burrack, J. Bacheler, and J. E. Dunphy. 2017. Does florivory by Helicoverpa zea cause yield loss in soybeans? Journal of Economic Entomology. doi: 10.1093/Jee/tow312				<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow312" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Does florivory by Helicoverpa zea cause yield loss in soybeans?</A></h4>
Effects of post-harvest cold storage on the development and survival of immature Drosophila Suzukii (Matsumura) in artificial diet and fruit	Hannah Burrack	2017	Aly, M.F.K., D.A. Kraus, and H.J. Burrack. 2017. Effects of post-harvest cold storage on the development and survival of immature Drosophila Suzukii (Matsumura) in artificial diet and fruit. Journal of Economic Entomology. 110(1): 87-93. doi: 10.1093/Jee/tow289				<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow289" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Effects of post-harvest cold storage on the development and survival of immature Drosophila Suzukii (Matsumura) in artificial diet and fruit</a></h4>
Effect of Simulated Anthonomus signatus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Injury on Strawberries (Fragaria - ananassa) Grown in Southeastern Plasticulture Production	Hannah Burrack	2017	McPhie. D.R. and H.J. Burrack. 2017. Effect of Simulated Anthonomus signatus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Injury on Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) Grown in Southeastern Plasticulture Production. Journal of Economic Entomology. 110(1): 208-212. doi: 10.1093/Jee/tow266				<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow266" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Effect of Simulated Anthonomus signatus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Injury on Strawberries (Fragaria - ananassa) Grown in Southeastern Plasticulture Production</a></h4>
First report of raspberry leaf mottle virus in blackberry in the United States	Hannah Burrack	2017	Thekke-Veetil, T., A. Khadgi, D. Johnson, H.J. Burrack, S. Sabanadzovic, and I.E. Tzanetakis. 2017. First report of raspberry leaf mottle virus in blackberry in the United States. Plant Disease. 101(1): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-16-1014-PDN				<h4><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-16-1014-pdn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">First report of raspberry leaf mottle virus in blackberry in the United States</a></h4>
Moral Enhancement Meets Normative and Empirical Reality: Assessing the Practical Feasibility of Moral Enhancement Neurotechnologies	Veljko Dubljevic	2016	Dubljevic, V. and Racine, E. (2017), Moral Enhancement Meets Normative and Empirical Reality: Assessing the Practical Feasibility of Moral Enhancement Neurotechnologies. Bioethics, 31: 338-348. doi:10.1111/Bioe.12355				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bioe.12355/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Moral Enhancement Meets Normative and Empirical Reality: Assessing the Practical Feasibility of Moral Enhancement Neurotechnologies</a></h4>
Is it Time to Abandon the Strong Interpretation of the Dual Process Model in Neuroethics?	Veljko Dubljevic	2016	Dubljevic, V. (In Press): Is it Time to Abandon the Strong Interpretation of the Dual Process Model in Neuroethics? In Racine, E & Aspler, J. (Eds.): Debates about Neuroethics: Perspectives on its Development, Focus, and Future. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.				<h4><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j2gpdwaaqbaj&lpg=pa129&ots=ekcgkpiskw&dq=is it time to abandon the strong interpretation of the dual process model in neuroethics? in racine, e & aspler, j. (eds.): debates about neuroethics: perspectives on its development&pg=pa129#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Is it Time to Abandon the Strong Interpretation of the Dual Process Model in Neuroethics?</A></h4>
Media Portrayal of a Landmark Neuroscience Experiment on Free Will	Veljko Dubljevic	2016	Racine, E., Ngyen, V., Saigle, V. & Dubljevic, V. (2017): Media Portrayal of a Landmark Neuroscience Experiment on Free Will. Science & Engineering Ethics, 23: 989. doi: 10.1007/S11948-016-9845-3				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11948-016-9845-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Media Portrayal of a Landmark Neuroscience Experiment on Free Will</a></h4>
tDCS for Memory Enhancement: A Critical Analysis of the Speculative Aspects of Ethical Issues	Veljko Dubljevic	2016	Voarino, N., Dubljevic, V. & Racine E. (2017): TDCS for Memory Enhancement: A Critical Analysis of the Speculative Aspects of Ethical Issues. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, DOI: 10.3389/Fnhum.2016.00678				<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00678/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">tDCS for Memory Enhancement: A Critical Analysis of the Speculative Aspects of Ethical Issues</a></h4>
Socially Controlled Sex Change in Fishes	John Godwin	2017	Godwin, J., Lamm, M. Socially Controlled Sex Change in Fishes. In: Pfaff, D.W and Joels, M. (Editors-in-chief), Hormones, Brain, and Behavior 3rd Edition, Vol 2. Oxford: Academic Press; 2017. Pp. 31-46.				<h4>Socially Controlled Sex Change in Fishes</h4>
Plasmodium knowlesi invasion following spread by infected mosquitoes, macaques and humans	Alun Lloyd	2016	Yakob, L., Lloyd, A.L., Kao, R., Ferguson, H.M., Brock, P., Drakeley, C. & Bonsall. M. (2017) Plasmodium knowlesi invasion following spread by infected mosquitoes, macaques and humans. Parasitology. doi: 10.1017/S0031182016002456				<h4><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/plasmodium-knowlesi-invasion-following-spread-by-infected-mosquitoes-macaques-and-humans/2487d515cb0062afa883c8fbd7cc886d" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Plasmodium knowlesi invasion following spread by infected mosquitoes, macaques and humans</a></h4>
Weak convergence of a seasonally forced epidemic model	Alun Lloyd	2017	Zhang, Y. & Lloyd, A.L. (2017) Weak convergence of a seasonally forced epidemic model. Journal of Mathematical Biology. doi: arXiv:1412.0964 , http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.0964				<h4><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.0964" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Weak convergence of a seasonally forced epidemic model</a></h4>
Dynamical behavior of an epidemiological model with a demographic Allee effect	Alun Lloyd	2016	Usaini, S., Lloyd, A.L., anguelov, R. & Garba, S.M. (2017) Dynamical behavior of an epidemiological model with a demographic Allee effect. Math. Comput. Simul. 133, 311. doi:10.1016/J.Matcom.2016.04.010				<h4><a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dynamical-behavior-of-an-epidemiological-model-wit-usaini-lloyd/5f584de769ca8f2b12bbff9fa3da00f4a841cb4b" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dynamical behavior of an epidemiological model with a demographic Allee effect</a></h4>
Germline transformation of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera	Marce Lorenzen	2017	Chu F., Klobasa, W., Wu, P., Pinzi, S., Grubbs, N., Gorski, S., Cardoza, Y. and Lorenzen, M.D. (2017) Germline transformation of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Insect Mol Biol. doi: 10.1111/Imb.12305 http://onlinelibrary.Wiley.com/doi/10.1111/Imb.12305/Epdf				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imb.12305/epdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Germline transformation of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</a></h4>
Generation of a Stable Transgenic Swine Model Expressing a Porcine Histone 2B-EGFP Fusion Protein for Cell Tracking and Chromosome Dynamics Studies	Jorge Piedrahita	2017	Sper, R.B., Koh, S., Zhang, X., Simpson, S., Collins, B., Sommer, J., Petters, R.M., Caballero, I., Platt, J.L., Piedrahita, J.A. (2017). Generation of a Stable Transgenic Swine Model Expressing a Porcine Histone 2B-EGFP Fusion Protein for Cell Tracking and Chromosome Dynamics Studies. Plos One 2017. 12:E0169242.PMID 28081156				<h4><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28081156/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Generation of a Stable Transgenic Swine Model Expressing a Porcine Histone 2B-EGFP Fusion Protein for Cell Tracking and Chromosome Dynamics Studies</a></h4>
Building early-larval sexing systems for genetic control of the Australian sheep blow fly Lucilia cuprina using two constitutive promoters	Maxwell Scott	2017	Yan, Y., Linger, R.J. and Scott, M.J. (2017) Transgenic early-larval sexing systems for genetic control of the Australian sheep blow fly Lucilia cuprina. Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 2538. doi:10.1038/S41598-017-02763-4				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-02763-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Building early-larval sexing systems for genetic control of the Australian sheep blow fly Lucilia cuprina using two constitutive promoters</a></h4>
Review of research advances in the screwworm eradication program over the past 25 years	Maxwell Scott	2017	Scott, M. J., Concha, C., Welch, J. B., Phillips, P. L. and Skoda, S. R. (2017), Review of research advances in the screwworm eradication program over the past 25 years. Entomol ExpAppl, 164: 226-236. doi:10.1111/Eea.12607				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eea.12607/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Review of research advances in the screwworm eradication program over the past 25 years</a></h4>
Tissue and cell-type co-expression networks of transcription factors and wood component genes in Populus trichocarpa	Ronald Sederoff	2017	Rui Shi, Jack P. Wang, Ying-Chung Lin, Quanzi Li, Ying-Hsuan Sun, Hao Chen, Ronald R. Sederoff, Vincent L. Chiang (2017). Tissue and cell-type co-expression networks of transcription factors and wood component genes in Populus trichocarpa. Planta, 245:927-938. doi: 10.1007/S00425-016-2640-1				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00425-016-2640-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tissue and cell-type co-expression networks of transcription factors and wood component genes in Populus trichocarpa</a></h4>
A Missed Opportunity for Biotech Regulation	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma J. (2016). A Missed Opportunity for Biotech Regulation. Science 353: 1211-1213. DOI: 10.1126/Science.Aai7854				<h4><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/353/6305/1211.full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A Missed Opportunity for Biotech Regulation</a></h4>
Engineering the Wild: Gene Drives and Intergenerational Equity	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma J. and L. Rawls. (2016). Engineering the Wild: Gene Drives and Intergenerational Equity. Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science and Technology 56 (3): 279-296.				<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2014/02/engineering_the_wild.authcheckdam.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Engineering the Wild: Gene Drives and Intergenerational Equity</a></h4>
Rebooting the Debate about Genetic Engineering	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma, J. (2016). Rebooting the Debate about Genetic Engineering. Nature 531: 165-167.doi:10.1038/531165A				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/news/policy-reboot-the-debate-on-genetic-engineering-1.19506" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rebooting the Debate about Genetic Engineering</a></h4>
Is Adaptation or Transformation Needed?: Active Nanomaterials and Risk Analysis	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma, J. and J.P. Roberts. (2016) Is Adaptation or Transformation Needed?: Active Nanomaterials and Risk Analysis. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 18(7), 1-18. doi: 10.1007/S11051-016-3506-y				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-016-3506-y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Is Adaptation or Transformation Needed?: Active Nanomaterials and Risk Analysis</a></h4>
Attitudes Towards Governance of Gene Editing	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma J., A. Kokotovich, and A. Kuzhabekova. (2016). Attitudes Towards Governance of Gene Editing. Asian Biotechnology Development Review 18(1): 69-92.				<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2014/02/ABDR-March-2016.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Attitudes Towards Governance of Gene Editing</a></h4>
As technology advances, how do we avoid losing touch with our values?	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma J. (2016) As technology advances, how do we avoid losing touch with our values? World Economic Forum, https://www.Weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/technology-how-do-we-avoid-losing-values/				<h4><a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/technology-how-do-we-avoid-losing-values/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">As technology advances, how do we avoid losing touch with our values?</A></h4>
Future Generations and Gene Drives: The Importance of Intergenerational Equity	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma J. (2016). Future Generations and Gene Drives: the Importance of Intergenerational Equity. Questions for a Resilient Future: Center for Humans and Nature. https://www.Humansandnature.org/future-generations-and-gene-drives				<h4><a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/future-generations-and-gene-drives" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Future Generations and Gene Drives: The Importance of Intergenerational Equity</a></h4>
New genetic engineering is slipping past old regulations	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma J. (2016) "New genetic engineering is slipping past old regulations," Aeon magazine, aeon.Co. May 6, 2016.				<h4><a href="https://aeon.co/ideas/new-genetic-engineering-is-slipping-past-old-regulations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">New genetic engineering is slipping past old regulations</a></h4>
Transformation or Adaptation: Active Nanomaterials and Risk Governance	Jennifer Kuzma	2016	Kuzma J. and JP Roberts. Transformation or Adaptation: Active Nanomaterials and Risk Governance. Workshop paper for "Next Generation Nano Governance" American Chemical Society, CNS-ASU, and Notre Dame NSF funded workshop. Washington DC October 9, 2015.				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-016-3506-y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transformation or Adaptation: Active Nanomaterials and Risk Governance</a></h4>
Interventions to Manage Vector-Borne Diseases	Fred Gould	2016	Okamoto, K. W., F. Gould, A. L. Lloyd. 2016. Integrating Transgenic Vector Manipulation with Clinical Interventions to Manage Vector-Borne Diseases. PLOS Computational Biology. Published: March 10, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/Journal.Pcbi.1004695				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004695" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interventions to Manage Vector-Borne Diseases</a></h4>
Application of a dense genetic map for assessment of genomic responses to selection and inbreeding in Heliothis virescens	Fred Gould	2016	Fritz, M. L., S. Paa, J. Baltzegar, F. Gould. 2016. Application of a dense genetic map for assessment of genomic responses to selection and inbreeding in Heliothis virescens. Insect Mol. Biol. 25:385-400. DOI: 10.1111/Imb.12234				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imb.12234/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Application of a dense genetic map for assessment of genomic responses to selection and inbreeding in Heliothis virescens</a></h4>
Frequency of Cry1F Non-Recessive Resistance Alleles in North Carolina Field Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)	Fred Gould	2016	Li G, Reisig D, Miao J, Gould F, Huang F, Feng H. 2016. Frequency of Cry1F Non-Recessive Resistance Alleles in North Carolina Field Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS ONE 11(4): E0154492. doi:10.1371/Journal.Pone.0154492				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154492" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Frequency of Cry1F Non-Recessive Resistance Alleles in North Carolina Field Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</a></h4>
Comparison of two detailed models of Aedes aegypti population dynamics	Fred Gould	2016	Legros, M., Otero, M., Romeo Aznar, V., Solari, H., Gould, F., & Lloyd, A. L. 2016. Comparison of two detailed models of Aedes aegypti population dynamics. Ecosphere 7, no. 10.				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.1515/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Comparison of two detailed models of Aedes aegypti population dynamics</a></h4>
Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects	Fred Gould	2016	F. Gould, Study Chair and co-author. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23395.				<h4><a href="https://www.nap.edu/read/23395/chapter/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects</a></h4>
Household perceptions and subjective valuations of indoor residual spraying programs to control malaria in northern Uganda	Zack Brown	2016	Z. S. Brown, R. A. Kramer, D. Ocan, C. Oryema (2016). Household perceptions and subjective valuations of indoor residual spraying programs to control malaria in northern Uganda. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 5:100.				<h4><a href="https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-016-0190-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Household perceptions and subjective valuations of indoor residual spraying programs to control malaria in northern Uganda</a></h4>
Links between urban structure and life satisfaction in a cross-section of OECD metro areas	Zack Brown	2016	Z. S. Brown, W. Oueslati, J. Silva (2016). Links between urban structure and life satisfaction in a cross-section of OECD metro areas. Ecological Economics, 129: 112-121.				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0921800915302251" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Links between urban structure and life satisfaction in a cross-section of OECD metro areas</a></h4>
Voluntary programs to Encourage compliance with refuge regulations for pesticide resistance management: results from a quasi-experiment	Zack Brown	2016	Z. S. Brown. 2016. Voluntary programs to Encourage compliance with refuge regulations for pesticide resistance management: results from a quasi-experiment. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA); 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts.				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0921800915302251" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Voluntary programs to Encourage compliance with refuge regulations for pesticide resistance management: results from a quasi-experiment</a></h4>
Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values	Jason Delborne	2016	Jason Delborne, Committee member and co-author. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23405. Download				<h4><a href="https://www.nap.edu/catalog/23405/gene-drives-on-the-horizon-advancing-science-navigating-uncertainty-and" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values</a></h4>
Suppression and Dissent in Science	Jason Delborne	2016	Delborne, Jason. (2016) Suppression and Dissent in Science. In T. Bretag (ed.), Handbook of Academic Integrity (pp. 943-956). Springer Reference.				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-287-098-8_30.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Suppression and Dissent in Science</a></h4>
Precaution and governance of emerging technologies	Jason Delborne	2016	Kaebnick, G. E., Heitman, E., Collins, J. P., Delborne, J. A., Landis, W. G., Sawyer, K., Tanneyhill, L., Winickoff, D. E. (2016) Precaution and governance of emerging technologies. Science, 11 Nov 2016:				<h4><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5125" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Precaution and governance of emerging technologies</a></h4>
Roadblocks to Responsible Innovation: exploring technology assessment and adoption in U.S. Public Highway Construction	Jason Delborne	2016	Kimmel, Shawn , Toohey, Nathan , & Delborne, Jason. (2016) Roadblocks to Responsible Innovation: exploring technology assessment and adoption in U.S. Public Highway Construction. Technology in Society, 44, 66-77. doi: 10.1016/J.Techsoc.2015.12.002.				<h4><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290480913_roadblocks_to_responsible_innovation_exploring_technology_assessment_and_adoption_in_us_public_highway_construction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Roadblocks to Responsible Innovation: exploring technology assessment and adoption in U.S. Public Highway Construction</a></h4>
The Genome Project-Write	Todd Kuiken	2016	Boeke, J., Church, G., Hessel, A., Kelley, N.J., Arkin, A., Cai, Y., Carlson, R., Chakravarti, A., Cornish, V.W., Holt, L., Isaacs, F.J., Kuiken, T., Lajoie, M., Lessor, T., Lunshof, J., Maurano, M.T., Mitchell, L.A., Rine, J., Sanjana, N.E., Silver, P.A., Valle, D., Wang, H., Way, J.C., Yang, L. 2016. The Genome Project-Write. Science. June, 2016.				<h4><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2016/06/01/science.aaf6850.full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Genome Project-Write</a></h4>
Governance: Learn from DIY biologists	Todd Kuiken	2016	Kuiken, T. 2016. Governance: Learn from DIY biologists. Nature. Vol. 531, 167-168.				<h4><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/governance-learn-from-diy-biologists-1.19507" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Governance: Learn from DIY biologists</a></h4>
Governance: Learn from DIY biologists	Todd Kuiken	2016	Todd Kuiken (contributor). Science for Environment Policy. 2016. Synthetic biology and biodiversity. Future Brief 15. Produced for the European Commission DG Environment by the Science Communication Unit, UWe, Bristol.				<h4><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/synthetic_biology_biodiversity_fb15_en.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Governance: Learn from DIY biologists</a></h4>
Genotyping by PCR and High-Throughput Sequencing of Commercial Probiotic Products Reveals Composition Biases	Rodolphe Barrangou	2016	Morovic W, Hibberd AA, Zabel B, Barrangou R, Stahl B. (2016) Genotyping by PCR and High-Throughput Sequencing of Commercial Probiotic Products Reveals Composition Biases. Front. Microbiol. Dx.doi.org/10.3389/Fmicb.2016.01747				<h4><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01747/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genotyping by PCR and High-Throughput Sequencing of Commercial Probiotic Products Reveals Composition Biases</a></h4>
Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond. Nature Biotechnology	Rodolphe Barrangou	2016	Barrangou R, Doudna JA. (2016) Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond. Nature Biotechnology, 34:933-941 doi:10.1038/Nbt.3659				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3659" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond. Nature Biotechnology</a></h4>
CRISPR diversity and microevolution in Clostridium difficile	Rodolphe Barrangou	2016	Andersen JM, Shoup M, Robinson C, Britton R, Olsen KeP, Barrangou R. (2016) CRISPR diversity and microevolution in Clostridium difficile. Genome Biology and Evolution. doi: 10.1093/Gbe/evw203				<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/8/9/2841/2236570" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CRISPR diversity and microevolution in Clostridium difficile</a></h4>
Guide RNAs: A Glimpse at the Sequences that Drive CRISPR-Cas Systems	Rodolphe Barrangou	2016	Briner Ae, Barrangou R. (2016) Guide RNAs: A Glimpse at the Sequences that Drive CRISPR-Cas Systems. CRISPR-Cas a laboratory manual. CSHL Protocols. 17-23. DOI: 10.1101/Pdb.Top090902				<h4><a href="http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2016/7/pdb.top090902" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Guide RNAs: A Glimpse at the Sequences that Drive CRISPR-Cas Systems</a></h4>
Prediction and validation of native and engineered Cas9 guide sequences	Rodolphe Barrangou	2016	Briner AE, Henriksen ED, Barrangou R. (2016) Prediction and validation of native and engineered Cas9 guide sequences. CRISPR-Cas a laboratory manual. CSHL Protocols. 24-30 DOI: 10.1101/Pdb.Prot086785				<h4><a href="http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2016/7/pdb.prot086785" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prediction and validation of native and engineered Cas9 guide sequences</a></h4>
The CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex in escherichia coli accommodates extended RNA spacers	Chase Beisel	2016	Luo ML, Jackson R, Denny SR, Tokmina-Lukaszewska M, Maksimchuk KR, Lin W, Bothner B, Wiedenheft B, Beisel, C.L. (2016) The CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex in escherichia coli accommodates extended RNA spacers. Nucleic Acids Res 44(15):7385-94.				<h4>The CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex in escherichia coli accommodates extended RNA spacers</h4>
SBe Supplement: Synthetic Biology - Engineering Genes with CRISPR-Cas9	Chase Beisel	2016	Luo ML, Beisel, C.L. (2016) SBe Supplement: Synthetic Biology - Engineering Genes with CRISPR-Cas9. Chemical Engineering Progress September 2016 issue.				<h4>SBe Supplement: Synthetic Biology - Engineering Genes with CRISPR-Cas9</h4>
Convergence, Interdisciplinarity, and the Public and Expert Sphere, Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence	David Berube	2016	Berube D, Cumming CL. 2016. Convergence in Ethical Implications and Communication of Emerging Technologies. In book: Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence, pp.755-766. DOI10.1007/978-3-319-07052-0_64				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.academia.edu/15338686/convergence_in_ethical_implications_and_communication_of_emerging_technologies" rel="noopener noreferrer">Convergence, Interdisciplinarity, and the Public and Expert Sphere, Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence</a></h4>
Conflict or Caveats? Effects of Media Portrayals of Scientific Uncertainty on Audience Perceptions of New Technologies	Andrew Binder	2016	Binder, A. R., Hillback, E. D. and Brossard, D. (2016), Conflict or Caveats? Effects of Media Portrayals of Scientific Uncertainty on Audience Perceptions of New Technologies. Risk Analysis, 36: 831-846. doi:10.1111/Risa.12462				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/risa.12462/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Conflict or Caveats? Effects of Media Portrayals of Scientific Uncertainty on Audience Perceptions of New Technologies</a></h4>
Using bioassays with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to determine residual activity of two systemically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in field-grown tobacco	Hannah Burrack	2016	Merchan, H.A. and H.J. Burrack. 2016. Using bioassays with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to determine residual activity of two systemically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in field-grown tobacco. International Journal of Pest Management. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2016.1261202				<h4><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2016.1261202" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Using bioassays with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to determine residual activity of two systemically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in field-grown tobacco</a></h4>
Integrated pest management practices reduce insecticide applications, preserve beneficial insects, and decrease pesticide residues in flue cured tobacco production	Hannah Burrack	2016	Slone, J.D. and H.J. Burrack. 2016. Integrated pest management practices reduce insecticide applications, preserve beneficial insects, and decrease pesticide residues in flue cured tobacco production. Journal of Economic Entomology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/Jee/tow191				<h4><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow191" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Integrated pest management practices reduce insecticide applications, preserve beneficial insects, and decrease pesticide residues in flue cured tobacco production</a></h4>
Effects of microbial, organically acceptable, and reduced risk insecticides on Anthonomus signatus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) in strawberries	Hannah Burrack	2016	McPhie. D.R. and H.J. Burrack. 2016. Effects of microbial, organically acceptable, and reduced risk insecticides on Anthonomus signatus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) in strawberries (Fragaria - ananassa). Crop Protection. Volume 89, November 2016, Pages 255-258. doi: 10.1016/J.Cropro.2016.07.034				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0261219416301880" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Effects of microbial, organically acceptable, and reduced risk insecticides on Anthonomus signatus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) in strawberries</a></h4>
Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications	Veljko Dubljevic	2016	Jotterand, F. and Dubljevic, V. (Eds.) (2016): Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications in International Perspectives, New York: Oxford University Press.				<h4>Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications</h4>
The Bright Future of Neuroethics	Veljko Dubljevic	2016	Dubljevic, V., Saigle, V. & Racine E. (2016). The Bright Future of Neuroethics. Neuroethics. DOI 10.1007/S12152-016-9263-x				<h4><a href="http://www.academia.edu/25033343/the_bright_future_of_neuroethics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Bright Future of Neuroethics</a></h4>
Sexual plasticity: a fishy tale	John Godwin	2016	Liu H., Erica V. Todd, Mark P. Lokman, Melissa S. Lamm, John R. Godwin, Neil J. Gemmell (in press). Sexual plasticity: a fishy tale. Molecular Reproduction and Development.				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrd.22691/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sexual plasticity: a fishy tale</a></h4>
Correlated evolution of personality, morphology, and performance	John Godwin	2016	Kern, E.M.A., D. Robinson, E. Gass, Godwin, J., R.B. Langerhans (2016) Correlated evolution of personality, morphology, and performance. Animal Behavior 117: 79-86.				<h4>Correlated evolution of personality, morphology, and performance</h4>
Genetic engineering to eradicate invasive mice on islands: modeling the efficiency and ecological impacts	Kevin Gross, Gregory Backus	2016	Backus, G. A., and Gross, K.. 2016. Genetic engineering to eradicate invasive mice on islands: modeling the efficiency and ecological impacts. Ecosphere 7(12):e01589. 10.1002/Ecs2.1589				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.1589/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genetic engineering to eradicate invasive mice on islands: modeling the efficiency and ecological impacts</a></h4>
The Gender Dynamics of Conditional Cash Transfers and Smallholder Farming in Calakmul, Mexico	Nora Haenn	2016	Radel, C., B. Schmook, N. Haenn, and L. Green (2016) The Gender Dynamics of Conditional Cash Transfers and Smallholder Farming in Calakmul, Mexico. Women's Studies International Forum. DOI:10.1016/J.Wsif.2016.06.004.				<h4><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/nora_haenn/publication/305452577_the_gender_dynamics_of_conditional_cash_transfers_and_smallholder_farming_in_calakmul_mexico/links/59b2e6a10f7e9b37434ea946/the-gender-dynamics-of-conditional-cash-transfers-and-smallholder-farming-in-calakmul-mexico.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Gender Dynamics of Conditional Cash Transfers and Smallholder Farming in Calakmul, Mexico</a></h4>
Teachers' Pedagogical Perceptions of Novel 3-D, Haptic-enabled, Virtual Reality Technology	Gail Jones	2016	Hite, R., Jones, M.G., Childers, G., Chesnutt, K., Corin, E. N., & Pereyra, M. (2017). Teachers' Pedagogical Perceptions of Novel 3-D, Haptic-enabled, Virtual Reality Technology.				<h4><a href="http://www.naun.org/main/naun/educationinformation/2016/a222008-169.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Teachers' Pedagogical Perceptions of Novel 3-D, Haptic-enabled, Virtual Reality Technology</a></h4>
Instructional representations as tools to teach systems thinking.	Gail Jones	2016	Jones, M. G., Childers, G.,Emig, B., Chevrier, J., Stevens, V., & Tan, H. (2016), The efficacy of visuohaptic simulations in teaching concepts of thermal energy, pressure and random motion, In N. Papadouris, A. Hadjigeorgiou, & C. Constantinou (eds), Insights from research in science teaching and learning (pp.73-86), Springer, Neatherlands.				<h4>Instructional representations as tools to teach systems thinking.</h4>
Factors Influencing Postsecondary STeM Students' Views of the Public Communication of an Emergent Technology: a Cross-National Study from Five Universities	Gail Jones	2016	Gardner, G., Jones, M. G., Albe, V., Blonder, R., Laherto, A., & Paechter, M. (2016). Factors Influencing Postsecondary STeM Students' Views of the Public Communication of an Emergent Technology: A Cross-National Study from Five Universities. Research in Science Education, 1-19.				<h4>Factors Influencing Postsecondary STeM Students' Views of the Public Communication of an Emergent Technology: a Cross-National Study from Five Universities</h4>
Perceptions of presence in 3-D, haptic-enabled virtual reality instruction	Gail Jones	2016	Jones, M. G., Hite, R., Childers, G., Corin, E., Pereyra, M., & Chesnutt, K., (2016). Perceptions of presence in 3-D, haptic-enabled virtual reality instruction. International Journal of Education and Information Technologies, 16, 73- 81.				<h4>Perceptions of presence in 3-D, haptic-enabled virtual reality instruction</h4>
Engineering imagination with ideation	Gail Jones	2016	Hite, R., Jones, M. G., & Jur, J. S. (2016). Engineering imagination with ideation. Journal of Interdisciplinary Teacher Leadership, 1(1).				<h4>Engineering imagination with ideation</h4>
Citizen scientists and science hobbyists: Educating the life-long learner	Gail Jones	2016	Jones, M. G., Childers, G., andre, T., Corin, E., & Hite, R. (2016). Citizen scientists and science hobbyists: Educating the life-long learner. In J. Lavonen, K. Juuti, J. Lampiselk, A. Uitto & K. Hahl (eds.), Electronic Proceedings of the ESeRA 2015 Conference. Science Education research: Engaging learners for a sustainable future, Part 8, (pp. 150-159). Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki. ISBN 978-951-51-1541-6				<h4>Citizen scientists and science hobbyists: Educating the life-long learner</h4>
Multifaceted biological insights from a draft genome sequence of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta	Marce Lorenzen	2016	Kanost, M.R., Arrese, E.L., Cao, X., Lorenzen, M.D., Et al (2016) Multifaceted biological insights from a draft genome sequence of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2016 Aug 12. Pii: S0965-1748(16)30094-7. doi: 10.1016/J.Ibmb.2016.07.005.				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0965174816300947" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Multifaceted biological insights from a draft genome sequence of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta</a></h4>
Promoting Ontological Insecurity to Transform the Governance of Science	Elizabeth Pitts	2016	Pitts EA, Jameson JK. 2016. Promoting ontological insecurity to transform the governance of science. In Transforming Conflict through Communication in Personal, Family, and Working Relationships. October 2016. Lexington Books.				<h4><a target="_blank" href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2015/06/Pitts-and-Jameson-2016.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer">Promoting Ontological Insecurity to Transform the Governance of Science</a></h4>
A transgenic male-only strain of the New World screwworm for an improved control program using the sterile insect technique	Maxwell Scott	2016	Concha, C., Palavesam, A., Guerrero, F.D., Sagel, A., Li, F., Hernandez, Y., Pardo, T., Quintero, G., Vasquez, M., Phillips, P.L., McMillan, W.O., Skoda, S.R. and Scott, M.J. (2016) A transgenic male-only strain of the New World screwworm for an improved control program using the sterile insect technique. BMC Biology, 14: 72. DOI: 10.1186/S12915-016-0296-8				<h4><a href="https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-016-0296-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A transgenic male-only strain of the New World screwworm for an improved control program using the sterile insect technique</a></h4>
Long-Term Memory in Drosophila Is Influenced by Histone Deacetylase HDAC4 Interacting with SUMO-Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9	Maxwell Scott	2016	Schwartz, S., Truglio, M., Scott, M.J., and Fitzsimons, H.L. (2016) Long-term Memory in Drosophila Is Influenced by the Histone Deacetylase HDAC4 Interacting with the SUMO-Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9. GeNeTICS July 1, 2016 vol. 203 No. 3 1249-1264; doi: 10.1534/Genetics.115.183194				<h4><a href="http://www.genetics.org/content/203/3/1249" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Long-Term Memory in Drosophila Is Influenced by Histone Deacetylase HDAC4 Interacting with SUMO-Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9</a></h4>
A blow to the fly - Lucilia cuprina draft genome and transcriptome to support advances in biology and biotechnology	Maxwell Scott	2016	Anstead, C. A., Batterham, P., Korhonen, P. K., Young, N. D., Hall, R. S., Bowles, V. M., Richards, S., Scott, M. J. and Gasser, R. B. (2016) A blow to the fly - Lucilia cuprina draft genome and transcriptome to support advances in biology and biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv. 34: 605-620. doi: 10.1016/J.Biotechadv.2016.02.009. PubMed PMID: 26944522.				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0734975016300167" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A blow to the fly - Lucilia cuprina draft genome and transcriptome to support advances in biology and biotechnology</a></h4>
A proteomic based quantitative analysis of the relationship between monolignol biosynthetic protein abundance and lignin content using transgenic Populus trichocarpa	Ronald Sederoff	2016	Tunlaya-Anukit, S., Et al, Sederoff, R.R. 2016. A proteomic based quantitative analysis of the relationship between monolignol biosynthetic protein abundance and lignin content using transgenic Populus trichocarpa. In Recent Advances in Polyphenols Research. DOI: 10.1002/9781118883303.Ch4				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118883303.ch4/summary" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A proteomic based quantitative analysis of the relationship between monolignol biosynthetic protein abundance and lignin content using transgenic Populus trichocarpa</a></h4>
Technology Governance Alternatives	Jennifer Kuzma	2015	Kuzma J. (2015) Technology Governance Alternatives. Issues in Science and Technology 32(1): 10-11				<h4><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/24726988" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Technology Governance Alternatives</a></h4>
Investigating Factors Influencing Consumer Willingness to Buy GM Food and Nano-food: An Application of Structural Equation Modeling	Jennifer Kuzma	2015	Yue, C. Shuoli, Z, Cummings, C. and J. Kuzma. (2015) Investigating Factors Influencing Consumer Willingness to Buy GM Food and Nano-food: An Application of Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17:283-302. doi: 10.1007/S11051-015-3084-4				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-015-3084-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Investigating Factors Influencing Consumer Willingness to Buy GM Food and Nano-food: An Application of Structural Equation Modeling</a></h4>
Altruism and Skepticism in public attitudes toward food nanotechnology	Jennifer Kuzma	2015	Brown, J, Fatehi, L, and J. Kuzma. (2015) Altruism and Skepticism in public attitudes toward food nanotechnology. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17:122-140. doi:10.1007/S11051-015-2926-4				<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2015/03/alt-skept-final-2015.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Altruism and Skepticism in public attitudes toward food nanotechnology</a></h4>
Translational Governance Research for Synthetic Biology	Jennifer Kuzma	2015	Kuzma, J. (2015) Translational Governance Research for Synthetic Biology. Journal of Responsible Innovation. DOI: 10.1080/23299460.2014.1002055				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23299460.2014.1002055" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Translational Governance Research for Synthetic Biology</a></h4>
Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Nanotechnology and Genetic-Modification Technology in Food Products	Jennifer Kuzma	2015	Yue, C. Shuoli, Z, and J. Kuzma. (2015) Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Nanotechnology and Genetic-Modification Technology in Food Products. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66(2), 308-328. DOI: 10.1111/1477-9552.12090				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1477-9552.12090/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Nanotechnology and Genetic-Modification Technology in Food Products</a></h4>
Synthetic Biology Governance: Delphi Study Workshop Report	Jennifer Kuzma	2015	Roberts JP, Stauffer S, Cummings C and J. Kuzma. (2015) Synthetic Biology Governance: Delphi Study Workshop Report. GeS Center Report #2015.2.				<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2014/04/Sloan-Workshop-Report-final-ss-081315-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Synthetic Biology Governance: Delphi Study Workshop Report</a></h4>
Deextinction	Jennifer Kuzma	2015	GeS Center Issue Brief #2015.1. Deextinction. K. Sears, S Stauffer, J. Kuzma.				<h4><a href="https://research.ncsu.edu/ges/files/2015/08/Deextinction-Issue-Brief-072115-Final.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Deextinction</a></h4>
SynBio 101	Jennifer Kuzma, Jason Delborne	2015	Siplon, G., Herring, B., Kuzma, J., and Delborne, J. (2015) SynBio 101 [screenplay]. Written as part of the "Multi-Site Public Engagement with Science (MSPeS) - Synthetic Biology" (NSF Award #1421179).				<h4>SynBio 101</h4>
A Critical Assessment of Vector Control for Dengue Prevention	Fred Gould	2015	Achee NL, Gould F, Perkins TA, Reiner RC Jr., Morrison AC, Ritchie SA, Gubler, DJ, Teyssou, R, Scott, TW. 2015. A Critical Assessment of Vector Control for Dengue Prevention. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(5): E0003655. doi:10.1371/Journal.Pntd.0003655.				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003655" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A Critical Assessment of Vector Control for Dengue Prevention</a></h4>
Generation of a Transcriptome in a Model Lepidopteran Pest, Heliothis virescens, Using Multiple Sequencing Strategies for Profiling Midgut Gene Expression	Fred Gould	2015	Perera OP, Shelby KS, Popham HJR, Gould F, Adang MJ, Jurat-Fuentes JL. 2015. Generation of a Transcriptome in a Model Lepidopteran Pest, Heliothis virescens, Using Multiple Sequencing Strategies for Profiling Midgut Gene Expression. PLoS ONE 10(6): E0128563. doi:10.1371/Journal.Pone.0128563				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0133948" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Generation of a Transcriptome in a Model Lepidopteran Pest, Heliothis virescens, Using Multiple Sequencing Strategies for Profiling Midgut Gene Expression</a></h4>
Monitoring cotton bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac in two counties of northern China during 2009-2013	Fred Gould	2015	An J, Gao Y, Lei C, Gould F, Wu K. 2015. Monitoring cotton bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac in two counties of northern China during 2009-2013. Pest Manag. Sci. 71:377-382 doi:10.1002/Ps.3807.				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.3807/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Monitoring cotton bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac in two counties of northern China during 2009-2013</a></h4>
The next generation of rodent eradications: Innovative technologies and tools to improve species specificity and increase their feasibility on islands	Fred Gould, John Godwin	2015	Campbell, K. J., J. Beek, C. T. Eason, A. S. Glen, J. Godwin, F. Gould, N. D. Holmes, G. R. Howald, F. M. Madden, J. B. Ponder, D. W. Threadgill, A. Wegmann, and G. S. Baxter. 2015. The next generation of rodent eradications: Innovative technologies and tools to improve species specificity and increase their feasibility on islands. Biological Conservation 185:47-58.				<h4><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268157120_the_next_generation_of_rodent_eradications_innovative_technologies_and_tools_to_improve_species_specificity_and_increase_their_feasibility_on_islands" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The next generation of rodent eradications: Innovative technologies and tools to improve species specificity and increase their feasibility on islands</a></h4>
Tender instruments: programme participation and impact in australian conservation tenders, grants and volunteer organisations	Zack Brown	2015	Z. S. Brown, B. Alvarez, N. Johnstone (2015). Tender instruments: programme participation and impact in australian conservation tenders, grants and volunteer organisations. OECD environment Working Papers, No. 85. OECD Publishing.				<h4><a href="https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/85-en.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tender instruments: programme participation and impact in australian conservation tenders, grants and volunteer organisations</a></h4>
Addressing environmental risks for child health, in promoting health, preventing disease: the economic case	Zack Brown	2015	L. Trasande, Z. S. Brown (2015). Addressing environmental risks for child health, in promoting health, preventing disease: the economic case. Eds: D. McDaid, F. Sassi, S. Merkur. World Health Organization, Open University Press, Maidenhead, UK.				<h4><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=corscgaaqbaj&lpg=pa169&ots=cauzbbcuil&lr&pg=pa169#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Addressing environmental risks for child health, in promoting health, preventing disease: the economic case</a></h4>
Innovation at the Crossroads: Exploring the Intersection of Innovation Adoption and Specification Reform in Public Highway Construction	Jason Delborne	2015	Kimmel, Shawn , Toohey, Nathan , & Delborne, Jason. (2015) Innovation at the Crossroads: Exploring the Intersection of Innovation Adoption and Specification Reform in Public Highway Construction. Transportation Research Circular (Vol. E-C199, pp. 9-18). Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board.				<h4><a href="http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec199.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Innovation at the Crossroads: Exploring the Intersection of Innovation Adoption and Specification Reform in Public Highway Construction</a></h4>
HeLa Cells	Jason Delborne	2015	Hoopes, Joyce , & Delborne, Jason. (2015) "HeLa Cells," in J. B. Holbrook (ed.), Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: A Global Resource (2nd Ed., Vol. 2, Pp. 446-448). Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference USA.				<h4><a href="https://www.cengage.com/search/productoverview.do;jsessionid=4a3de7cc97dcd4c79ac6cfcf63a8986e?n=197&ntk=p_epi&ntt=2135445829118581804519857822971720069438&ntx=mode+matchallpartial" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">HeLa Cells</a></h4>
Precautionary Principle	Jason Delborne	2015	Harremos, Paul and revised by Delborne, Jason. (2015) "Precautionary Principle," in J. B. Holbrook (ed.), Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: A Global Resource (2nd Ed., Vol. 3, Pp. 449-455). Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference USA.				<h4><a href="https://www.cengage.com/search/productoverview.do;jsessionid=4a3de7cc97dcd4c79ac6cfcf63a8986e?n=197&ntk=p_epi&ntt=2135445829118581804519857822971720069438&ntx=mode+matchallpartial" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Precautionary Principle</a></h4>
Public Understanding, Perceptions, and Acceptance of Nanotechnology through the Lens of Consumer Products	Todd Kuiken	2015	Kuiken, T., Quadros, M., McGinnis, S., Hull, M. 2015. Public"s Understanding, Perceptions, and Acceptance of Nanotechnology through the Lens of Consumer Products. In: Nanoengineering: Global Approaches to Health and Safety Issues, Edited by Patricia I. Dolez. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780444627476.				<h4><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/b9780444627476000063" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Public Understanding, Perceptions, and Acceptance of Nanotechnology through the Lens of Consumer Products</a></h4>
Nanomedicine: Ethical Considerations	Todd Kuiken	2015	Kuiken, T. 2015. Nanomedicine: Ethical Considerations. In: Handbook of Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials. Edited by Bengt Fadeel. Pan Stanford., ISBN: 9789814463362.				<h4><a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9789814463379" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nanomedicine: Ethical Considerations</a></h4>
Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory	Todd Kuiken	2015	Marina E., Todd Kuiken, Eric P. Vejerano, Sean P. McGinnis, Michael F. Hochella Jr., David Rejeski and Matthew S. Hull. Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769-1780.				<h4><a href="https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/6/181" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory</a></h4>
Report: U.S Trends in Synthetic Biology Research Funding	Todd Kuiken	2015	Todd Kuiken. 2015. Report: U.S Trends in Synthetic Biology Research Funding. Woodrow Wilson Center.				<h4><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/us-trends-synthetic-biology-research-funding" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Report: U.S Trends in Synthetic Biology Research Funding</a></h4>
Population Dynamics Models for Wolbachia and its Host, the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti	Timothy Antonelli	2015	Population Dynamics Models for Wolbachia and its Host, the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti				<h4><a href="http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/10766" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Population Dynamics Models for Wolbachia and its Host, the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti</a></h4>
Diet quality mitigates intraspecific larval competition in Drosophila	Hannah Burrack	2015	Hardin, J. A., Kraus, D. A. and Burrack, H. J. (2015), Diet quality mitigates intraspecific larval competition in Drosophila Suzukii. Entomol ExpAppl, 156: 59-65. doi:10.1111/Eea.12311				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eea.12311/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Diet quality mitigates intraspecific larval competition in Drosophila</a></h4>
Multistate Comparison of Attractants for Monitoring Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Blueberries and Caneberries	Hannah Burrack	2015	Hannah J. Burack et al. 2015. Multistate Comparison of Attractants for Monitoring Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Blueberries and Caneberries. Environ. Entomol. 1-9 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/Ee/nvv022				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://pemaruccicenter.rutgers.edu/assets/pdf/publications/15-burrack-et-al-2015.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer">Multistate Comparison of Attractants for Monitoring Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Blueberries and Caneberries</a></h4>
Genetically Engineered trees: Paralysis from good intentions	Adam Costanza	2015	Steven H. Strauss, Adam Costanza, Armand Seguin. Genetically Engineered trees: Paralysis from good intentions. Science 21 Aug 2015: Vol. 349, Issue 6250, pp. 794-795. DOI: 10.1126/Science.Aab0493				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.adamcostanza.com/docs/science-ge-trees-794-5.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genetically Engineered trees: Paralysis from good intentions</a></h4>
Eighteen New Candidate Effectors of the Phytonematode Heterodera glycines Produced Specifically in the Secretory Esophageal Gland Cells During Parasitism	Eric Davis	2015	Noon JB, Davis EL, Et. Al. 2015. Eighteen New Candidate Effectors of the Phytonematode Heterodera glycines Produced Specifically in the Secretory Esophageal Gland Cells During Parasitism. Phytopathology. 2015 Oct;105(10):1362-72. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-15-0049-R				<h4><a target="_blank" href="https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/phyto-02-15-0049-r" rel="noopener noreferrer">Eighteen New Candidate Effectors of the Phytonematode Heterodera glycines Produced Specifically in the Secretory Esophageal Gland Cells During Parasitism</a></h4>
Sequence and Spatiotemporal expression Analysis of CLE-Motif Containing Genes from the Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira)	Eric Davis	2015	Wubben MJ, Gavilano L, Baum TJ, Davis eL. Sequence and Spatiotemporal expression Analysis of CLE-Motif Containing Genes from the Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira). J Nematol. 2015 Jun;47(2):159-65.				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26170479" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sequence and Spatiotemporal expression Analysis of CLE-Motif Containing Genes from the Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira)</a></h4>
The Cyst Nematode effector Protein 10A07 Targets and Recruits Host Posttranslational Machinery to Mediate Its Nuclear Trafficking and to Promote Parasitism in Arabidopsis	Eric Davis	2015	Hewezi T, Juvale PS, Piya S, Maier TR, Rambani A, Rice JH, Mitchum MG, Davis eL, Hussey RS, Baum TJ. 2015. The cyst nematode effector protein 10A07 targets and recruits host posttranslational machinery to mediate its nuclear trafficking and to promote parasitism in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2015 Mar;27(3):891-907. doi: 10.1105/Tpc.114.135327.				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25715285" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Cyst Nematode effector Protein 10A07 Targets and Recruits Host Posttranslational Machinery to Mediate Its Nuclear Trafficking and to Promote Parasitism in Arabidopsis</a></h4>
The ecology of microscopic life in household dust	Rob Dunn	2015	The ecology of microscopic life in household dust	Built environment, Bacteria, Allergens, Fungi, Microbial ecology, Dust	We spend the majority of our lives indoors; yet, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of how the microbial communities found in homes vary across broad geographical regions and what factors are most important in shaping the types of microorganisms found inside homes. Here, we investigated the fungal and bacterial communities found in settled dust collected from inside and outside approximately 1200 homes located across the continental US, homes that represent a broad range of home designs and span many climatic zones. Indoor and outdoor dust samples harboured distinct microbial communities, but these differences were larger for bacteria than for fungi with most indoor fungi originating outside the home. Indoor fungal communities and the distribution of potential allergens varied predictably across climate and geographical regions; where you live determines what fungi live with you inside your home. By contrast, bacterial communities in indoor dust were more strongly influenced by the number and types of occupants living in the homes. In particular, the female : male ratio and whether a house had pets had a significant influence on the types of bacteria found inside our homes highlighting that who you live with determines what bacteria are found inside your home.	As humans become increasingly urban and spend the majority of their lives indoors, the time we spend with microbial taxa found inside homes is increasing. Some of these taxa may have negative effects on human health, while others may even be beneficial.	<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1814/20151139" rel="noopener noreferrer">The ecology of microscopic life in household dust</a></h4>
Temperature alone does not explain phenological variation of diverse temperate plants under experimental warming	Rob Dunn	2015	Temperature alone does not explain phenological variation of diverse temperate plants under experimental warming				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25736981" rel="noopener noreferrer">Temperature alone does not explain phenological variation of diverse temperate plants under experimental warming</a></h4>
Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure	Rob Dunn	2015	Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1808/20150418" rel="noopener noreferrer">Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure</a></h4>
High diversity in an urban habitat: are some animal assemblages resilient to long-term anthropogenic change?	Rob Dunn	2015	High diversity in an urban habitat: are some animal assemblages resilient to long-term anthropogenic change?				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11252-014-0406-8#/page-1" rel="noopener noreferrer">High diversity in an urban habitat: are some animal assemblages resilient to long-term anthropogenic change?</A></h4>
Stable isotopes reveal links between human food inputs and urban ant diets	Rob Dunn	2015	Stable isotopes reveal links between human food inputs and urban ant diets				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1806/20142608" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stable isotopes reveal links between human food inputs and urban ant diets</a></h4>
Continental-scale distributions of dust-associated bacteria and fungi	Rob Dunn	2015	Continental-scale distributions of dust-associated bacteria and fungi				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25902536" rel="noopener noreferrer">Continental-scale distributions of dust-associated bacteria and fungi</a></h4>
Fine scale heterogeneity across Manhattan's urban habitat mosaic is associated with variation in ant composition and richness	Rob Dunn	2015	Fine scale heterogeneity across Manhattan's urban habitat mosaic is associated with variation in ant composition and richness				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/icad.12098/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fine scale heterogeneity across Manhattan's urban habitat mosaic is associated with variation in ant composition and richness</a></h4>
Fungi Identify the Geographic Origin of Dust Samples	Rob Dunn	2015	Fungi Identify the Geographic Origin of Dust Samples				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122605" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fungi Identify the Geographic Origin of Dust Samples</a></h4>
Evolution of the indoor biome	Rob Dunn	2015	Evolution of the indoor biome				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/s0169-5347(15)00038-5" rel="noopener noreferrer">Evolution of the indoor biome</a></h4>
The Need for Speed: Neuroendocrine Regulation of Socially-controlled Sex Change	John Godwin	2015	The Need for Speed: Neuroendocrine Regulation of Socially-controlled Sex Change				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25980565" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Need for Speed: Neuroendocrine Regulation of Socially-controlled Sex Change</a></h4>
Controls over native perennial grass exclusion and persistence in California grasslands invaded by annuals	Kevin Gross	2015	Controls over native perennial grass exclusion and persistence in California grasslands invaded by annuals				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/14-2023.1/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Controls over native perennial grass exclusion and persistence in California grasslands invaded by annuals</a></h4>
The differential effects of increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme events on coral populations	Kevin Gross	2015	The differential effects of increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme events on coral populations				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/14-0273.1/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">The differential effects of increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme events on coral populations</a></h4>
Stability of Caribbean coral communities quantified by long-term monitoring and autoregression models	Kevin Gross	2015	Stability of Caribbean coral communities quantified by long-term monitoring and autoregression models				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/14-0941.1/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stability of Caribbean coral communities quantified by long-term monitoring and autoregression models</a></h4>
Do growing degree days predict phenology across butterfly species?	Kevin Gross	2015	Do growing degree days predict phenology across butterfly species?				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/15-0131.1/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Do growing degree days predict phenology across butterfly species?</A></h4>
Species richness, but not phylogenetic diversity, influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies	Kevin Gross	2015	Species richness, but not phylogenetic diversity, influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.12432/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Species richness, but not phylogenetic diversity, influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies</a></h4>
The community ecology of pathogens: coinfection, coexistence and community composition	Kevin Gross	2015	The community ecology of pathogens: coinfection, coexistence and community composition				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12418/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">The community ecology of pathogens: coinfection, coexistence and community composition</a></h4>
Evaluating Deer Hunters' Support for Hunting Deer with Dogs	Kevin Gross	2015	Evaluating Deer Hunters' Support for Hunting Deer with Dogs				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10871209.2014.997328?journalcode=uhdw20" rel="noopener noreferrer">Evaluating Deer Hunters' Support for Hunting Deer with Dogs</a></h4>
Nondestructive evaluation of aircraft coatings with infrared diffuse reflectance spectra	Kevin Gross	2015	Nondestructive evaluation of aircraft coatings with infrared diffuse reflectance spectra				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015spie.9485e..03k" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nondestructive evaluation of aircraft coatings with infrared diffuse reflectance spectra</a></h4>
Sucrose Improves Insecticide Activity Against Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)	Johanna Elsensohn	2015	Sucrose Improves Insecticide Activity Against Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://jee.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/02/04/jee.tou100" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sucrose Improves Insecticide Activity Against Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)</a></h4>
Treatment Efficacy of Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Slow Transit Constipation: A Two-Phase, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Crossover Study	Michael S. Jones	2015	Treatment Efficacy of Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Slow Transit Constipation: A Two-Phase, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Crossover Study				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25895520" rel="noopener noreferrer">Treatment Efficacy of Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Slow Transit Constipation: A Two-Phase, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Crossover Study</a></h4>
The Death and Life of the Music Industry in the Digital Age	Michael S. Jones	2015	The Death and Life of the Music Industry in the Digital Age				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayabstract?frompage=online&aid=9682504&fileid=s0261143015000185" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Death and Life of the Music Industry in the Digital Age</a></h4>
Devices and methods for treating restless leg syndrome	Michael S. Jones	2015	Devices and methods for treating restless leg syndrome				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.google.com/patents/us9017273" rel="noopener noreferrer">Devices and methods for treating restless leg syndrome</a></h4>
Rearticulating Nuclear Power: Energy Activism and Contested Common Sense	William Kinsella	2015	Rearticulating Nuclear Power: Energy Activism and Contested Common Sense				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17524032.2014.978348?journalcode=renc20" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rearticulating Nuclear Power: Energy Activism and Contested Common Sense</a></h4>
The ABCs of Eye Color in Tribolium castaneum: Orthologs of the Drosophila white, scarlet, and brown Genes	Marce Lorenzen	2015	The ABCs of Eye Color in Tribolium castaneum: Orthologs of the Drosophila white, scarlet, and brown Genes				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25555987" rel="noopener noreferrer">The ABCs of Eye Color in Tribolium castaneum: Orthologs of the Drosophila white, scarlet, and brown Genes</a></h4>
Shaping Emerging Technologies: Governance, Innovation, Discourse	Elizabeth Pitts	2016	Elizabeth A. Pitts. 2016. Shaping Emerging Technologies: Governance, Innovation, Discourse. Nanoethics (2015) 9: 85. doi: 10.1007/S11569-015-0221-6				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11569-015-0221-6#citeas" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Shaping Emerging Technologies: Governance, Innovation, Discourse</a></h4>
The New Global Urban Realm: Complex, Connected, Diffuse, and Diverse Social-ecological Systems	Louie Rivers	2015	The New Global Urban Realm: Complex, Connected, Diffuse, and Diverse Social-ecological Systems				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/7/5/5211" rel="noopener noreferrer">The New Global Urban Realm: Complex, Connected, Diffuse, and Diverse Social-ecological Systems</a></h4>
Pleistocene rainforests: barriers or attractive environments for early human foragers?	Pat Roberts	2015	Pleistocene rainforests: barriers or attractive environments for early human foragers?				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00438243.2015.1073119?journalcode=rwar20" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pleistocene rainforests: barriers or attractive environments for early human foragers?</A></h4>
The Sri Lankan 'Microlithic' Tradition c. 38,000 To 3,000 Years Ago: Tropical Technologies and Adaptations of Homo sapiens at the Southern Edge of Asia	Pat Roberts	2015	The Sri Lankan 'Microlithic' Tradition c. 38,000 To 3,000 Years Ago: Tropical Technologies and Adaptations of Homo sapiens at the Southern Edge of Asia				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10963-015-9085-5#/page-1" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Sri Lankan 'Microlithic' Tradition c. 38,000 To 3,000 Years Ago: Tropical Technologies and Adaptations of Homo sapiens at the Southern Edge of Asia</a></h4>
Fallout: Nuclear Diplomacy in an Age of Global Fracture	Pat Roberts	2015	Fallout: Nuclear Diplomacy in an Age of Global Fracture				<h4>Fallout: Nuclear Diplomacy in an Age of Global Fracture</h4>
Understanding responder neurobiology in schizophrenia using a quantitative systems pharmacology model: Application to iloperidone	Pat Roberts	2015	Understanding responder neurobiology in schizophrenia using a quantitative systems pharmacology model: Application to iloperidone				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25691503" rel="noopener noreferrer">Understanding responder neurobiology in schizophrenia using a quantitative systems pharmacology model: Application to iloperidone</a></h4>
Direct evidence for human reliance on rainforest resources in late Pleistocene Sri Lanka	Pat Roberts	2015	Direct evidence for human reliance on rainforest resources in late Pleistocene Sri Lanka				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.academia.edu/11493668/direct_evidence_for_human_reliance_on_rainforest_resources_in_late_pleistocene_sri_lanka" rel="noopener noreferrer">Direct evidence for human reliance on rainforest resources in late Pleistocene Sri Lanka</a></h4>
Assessing the synergy between cholinomimetics and memantine as augmentation therapy in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. A virtual human patient trial using quantitative systems pharmacology.	Pat Roberts	2015	Assessing the synergy between cholinomimetics and memantine as augmentation therapy in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. A virtual human patient trial using quantitative systems pharmacology.				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26441655" rel="noopener noreferrer">Assessing the synergy between cholinomimetics and memantine as augmentation therapy in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. A virtual human patient trial using quantitative systems pharmacology.</A></h4>
It's a Boy: Modified Male Flies Could More Efficiently Control Screwworm Population	Maxwell Scott	2015	It's a Boy: Modified Male Flies Could More Efficiently Control Screwworm Population				<h4><a target="_blank" href="https://news.ncsu.edu/2016/09/control-screwworm/" rel="noopener noreferrer">It's a Boy: Modified Male Flies Could More Efficiently Control Screwworm Population</a></h4>
Towards next generation maggot debridement therapy: transgenic Lucilia sericata larvae that produce and secrete a human growth factor	Maxwell Scott	2015	Towards next generation maggot debridement therapy: transgenic Lucilia sericata larvae that produce and secrete a human growth factor				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://bmcbiotechnol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12896-016-0263-z" rel="noopener noreferrer">Towards next generation maggot debridement therapy: transgenic <em class="EmphasisTypeItalic">Lucilia sericata</em> larvae that produce and secrete a human growth factor</a></h4>
Functional characterization of calliphorid cell death genes and cellularization gene promoters for controlling gene expression and cell viability in early embryos	Maxwell Scott	2015	Functional characterization of calliphorid cell death genes and cellularization gene promoters for controlling gene expression and cell viability in early embryos				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imb.12135/abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Functional characterization of calliphorid cell death genes and cellularization gene promoters for controlling gene expression and cell viability in early embryos</a></h4>
Genome Sequence of the Tsetse Fly (Glossina morsitans): Vector of African Trypanosomiasis	Maxwell Scott	2015	Genome Sequence of the Tsetse Fly (Glossina morsitans): Vector of African Trypanosomiasis				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/344/6182/380" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genome Sequence of the Tsetse Fly (<em>Glossina morsitans</em>): Vector of African Trypanosomiasis</a></h4>
Transgenic sexing system for genetic control of the Australian sheep blow fly Lucilia cuprina	Maxwell Scott	2015	Transgenic sexing system for genetic control of the Australian sheep blow fly Lucilia cuprina				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0965174814000952" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transgenic sexing system for genetic control of the Australian sheep blow fly <em>Lucilia cuprina</em></a></h4>
Development and Evaluation of male-only strains of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina	Maxwell Scott	2015	Development and Evaluation of male-only strains of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/15/s2/s3" rel="noopener noreferrer">Development and Evaluation of male-only strains of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina</a></h4>
Control of the Sheep Blowfly - are we there yet?	Maxwell Scott	2015	Control of the Sheep Blowfly - are we there yet?				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240442" rel="noopener noreferrer">Control of the Sheep Blowfly - are we there yet?</A></h4>
Sex determination mechanisms in Calliphoridae (blow flies), Sexual Development	Maxwell Scott	2015	Sex determination mechanisms in Calliphoridae (blow flies), Sexual Development				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24401179" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sex determination mechanisms in Calliphoridae (blow flies), Sexual Development</a></h4>
Transgenic approaches for sterile insect control of dipteran livestock pests and lepidopteran crop pests	Maxwell Scott	2015	Transgenic approaches for sterile insect control of dipteran livestock pests and lepidopteran crop pests				<h4><a target="_blank" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ecexbqaaqbaj&oi=fnd&pg=pa152&dq=transgenic approaches for sterile insect control of dipteran livestock pests and lepidopteran crop pests&ots=ataqsr_e9z&sig=ueyw9q5i-w_mqvye2vclhi3gi0a#v=onepage&q=transgenic approaches for sterile insect control of dipteran livestock pests and lepidopteran crop pests&f=false" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transgenic approaches for sterile insect control of dipteran livestock pests and lepidopteran crop pests</a></h4>
Elucidation of Xylem-Specific Transcription Factors and Absolute Quantification of Enzymes Regulating Cellulose Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa	Ronald Sederoff	2015	Elucidation of Xylem-Specific Transcription Factors and Absolute Quantification of Enzymes Regulating Cellulose Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26325666" rel="noopener noreferrer">Elucidation of Xylem-Specific Transcription Factors and Absolute Quantification of Enzymes Regulating Cellulose Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa</a></h4>
Phosphorylation is an on/off switch for 5 hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase activity in poplar monolignol biosynthesis	Ronald Sederoff	2015	Phosphorylation is an on/off switch for 5 hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase activity in poplar monolignol biosynthesis				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26109572" rel="noopener noreferrer">Phosphorylation is an on/off switch for 5 hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase activity in poplar monolignol biosynthesis</a></h4>
4-Coumaroyl and Caffeoyl Shikimic Acids Inhibit 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases and Modulate Metabolic Flux for 3-Hydroxylation in Monolignol Biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa	Ronald Sederoff	2015	4-Coumaroyl and Caffeoyl Shikimic Acids Inhibit 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases and Modulate Metabolic Flux for 3-Hydroxylation in Monolignol Biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.cell.com/molecular-plant/abstract/s1674-2052(14)00015-x" rel="noopener noreferrer">4-Coumaroyl and Caffeoyl Shikimic Acids Inhibit 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases and Modulate Metabolic Flux for 3-Hydroxylation in Monolignol Biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa</a></h4>
Decoding the massive genome of loblolly pine using haploid DNA and novel assembly strategies	Ronald Sederoff	2015	Decoding the massive genome of loblolly pine using haploid DNA and novel assembly strategies				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://genomebiology.com/2014/15/3/r59" rel="noopener noreferrer">Decoding the massive genome of loblolly pine using haploid DNA and novel assembly strategies</a></h4>
Complete proteomic based enzyme reaction and inhibition kinetics reveal how monolignol biosynthetic pathway enzyme families affect metabolic-flux and lignin in Populus trichocarpa	Ronald Sederoff	2015	Complete proteomic based enzyme reaction and inhibition kinetics reveal how monolignol biosynthetic pathway enzyme families affect metabolic-flux and lignin in Populus trichocarpa				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24619611" rel="noopener noreferrer">Complete proteomic based enzyme reaction and inhibition kinetics reveal how monolignol biosynthetic pathway enzyme families affect metabolic-flux and lignin in Populus trichocarpa</a></h4>
Systems Biology of Lignin Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa: Heteromeric 4-Coumaric acid: CoA Ligase (4CL) Protein Complex Formation, Regulation and Numerical Modeling	Ronald Sederoff	2015	Systems Biology of Lignin Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa: Heteromeric 4-Coumaric acid: CoA Ligase (4CL) Protein Complex Formation, Regulation and Numerical Modeling				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.plantcell.org/content/early/2014/03/11/tpc.113.119685" rel="noopener noreferrer">Systems Biology of Lignin Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa: Heteromeric 4-Coumaric acid: CoA Ligase (4CL) Protein Complex Formation, Regulation and Numerical Modeling</a></h4>
A simple high throughput xylem protoplast system for studying wood formation	Ronald Sederoff	2015	A simple high throughput xylem protoplast system for studying wood formation				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25144270" rel="noopener noreferrer">A simple high throughput xylem protoplast system for studying wood formation</a></h4>
A robust chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocol for studying transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions and histone modifications in wood forming tissue	Ronald Sederoff	2015	A robust chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocol for studying transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions and histone modifications in wood forming tissue				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25144269" rel="noopener noreferrer">A robust chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocol for studying transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions and histone modifications in wood forming tissue</a></h4>
Establishing ion ratio thresholds based on absolute peak area for absolute protein quantification using protein cleavage isotope dilution mass spectrometry	Ronald Sederoff	2015	Establishing ion ratio thresholds based on absolute peak area for absolute protein quantification using protein cleavage isotope dilution mass spectrometry				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25154770" rel="noopener noreferrer">Establishing ion ratio thresholds based on absolute peak area for absolute protein quantification using protein cleavage isotope dilution mass spectrometry</a></h4>
Plant biotechnology for lignocellulosic biofuel production	Ronald Sederoff	2015	Plant biotechnology for lignocellulosic biofuel production				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pbi.12273/full" rel="noopener noreferrer">Plant biotechnology for lignocellulosic biofuel production</a></h4>
4-Coumaroyl and Caffeoyl Shikimic Acids Inhibit 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases and Modulate Metabolic Flux for 3-Hydroxylation in Monolignol Biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa	Ronald Sederoff	2015	4-Coumaroyl and Caffeoyl Shikimic Acids Inhibit 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases and Modulate Metabolic Flux for 3-Hydroxylation in Monolignol Biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.cell.com/molecular-plant/abstract/s1674-2052(14)00015-x" rel="noopener noreferrer">4-Coumaroyl and Caffeoyl Shikimic Acids Inhibit 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases and Modulate Metabolic Flux for 3-Hydroxylation in Monolignol Biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa</a></h4>
A Proteomic Based Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship Between Monolignol Biosynthetic Protein Abundance and Lignin Content Using Transgenic Populus trichocarpa	Ronald Sederoff	2015	A Proteomic Based Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship Between Monolignol Biosynthetic Protein Abundance and Lignin Content Using Transgenic Populus trichocarpa				<h4>A Proteomic Based Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship Between Monolignol Biosynthetic Protein Abundance and Lignin Content Using Transgenic Populus trichocarpa</h4>
Anticipatory governance and contested futures: Insights from the next generation of genetic engineering	Jennifer Kuzma	2014	Kokotovich, A. and J. Kuzma J (2014). Anticipatory governance and contested futures: Insights from the next generation of genetic engineering. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 34(4): 108-120. doi: 10.1177/0270467614565695				<h4><a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0270467614565695" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anticipatory governance and contested futures: Insights from the next generation of genetic engineering</a></h4>
Properly Paced or Problematic?: Examining Governance of GMOs	Jennifer Kuzma	2014	Kuzma, J. (2014) "Properly Paced or Problematic?: Examining Governance of GMOs in Innovative Governance Models for Emerging Technologies Editors Gary Marchant, Kenneth Abbott and Braden Allenby. Edward Elgar (editorial peer review)				<h4><a href="https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/innovative-governance-models-for-emerging-technologies" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Properly Paced or Problematic?: Examining Governance of GMOs</a></h4>
Mapping the Emerging Field of Genome Editing	Jennifer Kuzma	2014	Kuzhabekova, A. and J. Kuzma (2014) Mapping the Emerging Field of Genome Editing. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 26(3): 321-352. doi:10.1080/09537325.2013.850657				<h4><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09537325.2013.850657" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mapping the Emerging Field of Genome Editing</a></h4>
Governance for Genetic Biocontrol Technologies for Invasive Species	Jennifer Kuzma	2014	Gilna, B., Kuzma J., and Showwalter, S. (2014) "Governance for Genetic Biocontrol Technologies for Invasive Species." Biological Invasions 16: 1299. doi: 10.1007/S10530-012-0367-x				<h4><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-012-0367-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Governance for Genetic Biocontrol Technologies for Invasive Species</a></h4>
Translational risk governance research	Jennifer Kuzma	2014	Kuzma, J. (2014). Translational risk governance rsearch. Paper for the Workshop on Research Agenda in the Societal Aspects of Syntehtic Biology. Arizona State University. http://cns.Asu.edu/synbio/papers.				<h4><a href="http://cns.asu.edu/sites/default/files/kuzmaj_synbiopaper_2014.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Translational risk governance research</a></h4>
Synthetic Biology: Missing the Point	Jennifer Kuzma	2014	Weiss Evans, S., Kuzma, J., et al. Synthetic Biology: Missing the Point. Letter to Nature 510: 218 (2014) doi:10.1038/510218B				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/510218b" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Synthetic Biology: Missing the Point</a></h4>
Genetic control of invasive fish: technological options and its role in Integrated Pest Management	Fred Gould	2014	Thresher, R. E., K. Hayes, N. J. Bax, J. Teem, T. J. Benfey, F. Gould. 2014. Genetic control of invasive fish: technological options and its role in Integrated Pest Management. Biological Invasions. Volume: 16 Issue: 6 Special Issue: SI Pages: 1201-1216. DOI 10.1007/S10530-013-0477-0				<h4><a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-013-0477-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Genetic control of invasive fish: technological options and its role in Integrated Pest Management</a></h4>
Within-population variability in a moth sex pheromone blend: genetic basis and behavioural consequences	Fred Gould	2014	Groot, A. T., G. Schofl, O. Inglis, S. Donnerhacke, A. Classen, A. Schmalz, R. G. Santangelo, J. Emerson, F. Gould, C. Schal, and D. G. Heckel. 2014. Within-population variability in a moth sex pheromone blend: genetic basis and behavioural consequences. Proc. R. Soc. B 281:20133054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/Rspb.2013.3054				<h4><a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1779/20133054" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Within-population variability in a moth sex pheromone blend: genetic basis and behavioural consequences</a></h4>
Feasible Introgression of an Anti-pathogen Transgene into an Urban Mosquito Population without Using Gene-Drive	Fred Gould, Alun Lloyd	2014	Okamoto KW, Robert MA, Gould F, Lloyd AL (2014) Feasible Introgression of an Anti-pathogen Transgene into an Urban Mosquito Population without Using Gene-Drive. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7): E2827. doi:10.1371/Journal.Pntd.0002827				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0002827" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Feasible Introgression of an Anti-pathogen Transgene into an Urban Mosquito Population without Using Gene-Drive</a></h4>
Antipathogen genes and the replacement of disease-vectoring mosquito populations: a model-based Evaluation	Fred Gould, Alun Lloyd	2014	Robert, M. A., K. W. Okamoto, F. Gould and A. L. Lloyd. 2014. Antipathogen genes and the replacement of disease-vectoring mosquito populations: a model-based Evaluation. Evol. Appl. 7:1238-1251. DOI: 10.1111/Eva.12219.				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eva.12219/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Antipathogen genes and the replacement of disease-vectoring mosquito populations: a model-based Evaluation</a></h4>
Better the devil you throw: Experience and support for pay-as-you-throw waste charges	Zack Brown	2014	Z. S. Brown and N. Johnstone (2014). Better the devil you throw: Experience and support for pay-as-you-throw waste charges. Environmental Science & Policy, 38: 132-142.				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s146290111300275x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Better the devil you throw: Experience and support for pay-as-you-throw waste charges</a></h4>
Greening Household Behaviour: Cross-Domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours using spatial effects	Zack Brown	2014	Z. S. Brown (2014). Greening Household Behaviour: Cross-Domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours using spatial effects. OECD environment Working Papers, 70. OECD Publishing.				<h4><a href="https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/68-en.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Greening Household Behaviour: Cross-Domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours using spatial effects</a></h4>
Navigating Controversies in Search of Neutrality: Analyzing Efforts by Public Think Tanks to Inform Climate Change Policy	Jason Delborne	2014	Delborne, Jason A. Navigating Controversies in Search of Neutrality: Analyzing Efforts by Public Think Tanks to Inform Climate Change Policy. In D. A. Crow & M. Boykoff (eds.), (2014). Culture, Politics, and Climate Change: How Information Shapes our Common Future (pp. 163-179). New York, NY: Routledge/earthscan.				<h4><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261948004_navigating_controversies_in_search_of_neutrality_analyzing_efforts_by_public_think_tanks_to_inform_climate_change_policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Navigating Controversies in Search of Neutrality: Analyzing Efforts by Public Think Tanks to Inform Climate Change Policy</a></h4>
Redefining safety in commercial space: Understanding debates over the safety of private human spaceflight initiatives in the United States	Jason Delborne	2014	Bouchey, Michael , & Delborne, Jason. (2014). Redefining safety in commercial space: Understanding debates over the safety of private human spaceflight initiatives in the United States. Space Policy, 30(2), 53-61. doi:10.1016/J.Spacepol.2014.03.002				<h4><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261674424_redefining_safety_in_commercial_space_understanding_debates_over_the_safety_of_private_human_spaceflight_initiatives_in_the_united_states" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Redefining safety in commercial space: Understanding debates over the safety of private human spaceflight initiatives in the United States</a></h4>
Synthetic biology: Missing the point	Jason Delborne	2014	Evans, S. W., Jasanoff, S., Calvert, J., Delborne, J., Doubleday, R., Frow, E., Funtowicz, S., Green, B., Guston, D.H., Hurlburt, B., Irwin, A., Joly, P., Kuzma, J., Palmer, M., Race, M., Stilgoe, J., Stirling, A., Wilsdon, J., Winickoff, D., Wynne, B., and Zoloth, L. CORReSPONDeNCe: Synthetic biology: Missing the point. Nature, 510(7504), 218. (June 12, 2014). doi:10.1038/510218B.				<h4><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/510218b" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Synthetic biology: Missing the point</a></h4>
Grasping Synthetic Biology	Jason Delborne	2014	Delborne, Jason. (2014) "Grasping Synthetic Biology." Invited paper for circulation prior to the Workshop on Research Agendas in the Societal Aspects of Synthetic Biology. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. November 4-6, 2014. Available: https://cns.Asu.edu/synbio/papers				<h4><a href="https://cns.asu.edu/synbio/papers" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Grasping Synthetic Biology</a></h4>
What's that hiding behind the poll? Perceiving public perceptions of biotechnology	Jason Delborne	2014	Delborne, Jason. (2014) "What"s that hiding behind the poll? Perceiving public perceptions of biotechnology". The Cultural Cognition Project at Yale Law School, D. Kahan (ed.). June 24, 2014. Available: http://www.Culturalcognition.net/blog/2014/6/24/whats-that-hiding-behind-the-poll-perceiving-public-percepti.html				<h4><a href="http://www.culturalcognition.net/blog/2014/6/24/whats-that-hiding-behind-the-poll-perceiving-public-percepti.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">What's that hiding behind the poll? Perceiving public perceptions of biotechnology</a></h4>
Regulating Gene Drives	Todd Kuiken	2014	Kenneth A Oye, Kevin Esvelt, Evan Appleton, Flaminia Catteruccia, George Church, Todd Kuiken, Shlomiya Bar-Yam Lightfoot, Julie McNamara, andrea Smidler, James P Collins. 2014. Regulating Gene Drives. Science. 08 Aug 2014: Vol. 345, Issue 6197, pp. 626-628. DOI: 10.1126/Science.1254287				<h4><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/626.full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Regulating Gene Drives</a></h4>
Shaping Ecological Risk Research for Synthetic Biology	Todd Kuiken	2014	Kuiken, T., Dana, G.V., Oye, K., Rejeski, D. 2014. Shaping Ecological Risk Research for Synthetic Biology. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 3, pp 191-199.				<h4><a href="https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/shaping-ecological-risk-research-for-synthetic-biology-aucxrmwruo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Shaping Ecological Risk Research for Synthetic Biology</a></h4>
Report: Creating a Research Agenda for the Ecological Implications of Synthetic Biology	Todd Kuiken	2014	Todd Kuiken, Kelly Drinkwater, Shlomiya Lightfoot, Julie McNamara, Kenneth Oye. 2014. Report: Creating a Research Agenda for the Ecological Implications of Synthetic Biology. Woodrow Wilson Center.				<h4><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/creating-research-agenda-for-the-ecological-implications-synthetic-biology" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Report: Creating a Research Agenda for the Ecological Implications of Synthetic Biology</a></h4>
Seven challenges for modelling indirect transmission: vector-borne diseases, macroparasites and neglected tropical diseases	Alun Lloyd	2014	Hollingsworth TD, Pulliam JR, Funk S, Truscott Je, Isham V, Lloyd AL. Seven				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s1755436514000425" rel="noopener noreferrer">Seven challenges for modelling indirect transmission: vector-borne diseases, macroparasites and neglected tropical diseases</a></h4>
An assembly of adult female mosquito mark-release-recapture data to inform vector-borne pathogen transmission models	Alun Lloyd	2014	Guerra, Lloyd, et al.: A global assembly of adult female				<h4><a target="_blank" href="https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1756-3305-7-276?site=parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com" rel="noopener noreferrer">An assembly of adult female mosquito mark-release-recapture data to inform vector-borne pathogen transmission models</a></h4>
Time-varying, serotype-specific force of infection estimates for dengue virus	Alun Lloyd	2014	Reiner, R., Lloyd, A., et al. 2013. Time-varying, serotype-specific force of infection of dengue virus. PNAS July 1, 2014 vol. 111 No. 26. doi: 10.1073/Pnas.1314933111				<h4><a target="_blank" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/111/26/e2694.abstract" rel="noopener noreferrer">Time-varying, serotype-specific force of infection estimates for dengue virus</a></h4>
Recasting the Theory of Mosquito-Borne Pathogen Transmission Dynamics and Control	Alun Lloyd	2014	Smith, DL, Lloyd, A, et. Al. 2014. Recasting the theory of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission dynamics and control. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 108, Issue 4, 1 April 2014, Pages 185-197. doi: 10.1093/Trstmh/tru026				<h4><a target="_blank" href="https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article/108/4/185/1924536" rel="noopener noreferrer">Recasting the Theory of Mosquito-Borne Pathogen Transmission Dynamics and Control</a></h4>
Innovation in Emerging Energy Technologies: A case study analysis to inform the path forward for algal biofuels	Jennifer Kuzma	2013	Haase, R., J. Bielicki, and J. Kuzma. (2013) Innovation in Emerging Energy Technologies: A case study analysis to inform the path forward for algal biofuels. Energy Policy, 61:1595-1607. doi: 10.1016/J.Enpol.2013.06.029				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0301421513005144" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Innovation in Emerging Energy Technologies: A case study analysis to inform the path forward for algal biofuels</a></h4>
Hungry for Information: Public Attitudes toward Food Nanotechnology and Labeling Review of Policy Research 30: 512-548	Jennifer Kuzma	2013	Brown, J., and J. Kuzma. (2013) "Hungry for Information: Public Attitudes toward Food Nanotechnology and Labeling" Review of Policy Research 30: 512-548. DOI: 10.1111/Ropr.12035				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ropr.12035/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hungry for Information: Public Attitudes toward Food Nanotechnology and Labeling Review of Policy Research 30: 512-548</a></h4>
Consumer Knowledge of Genetically Engineered Organisms (GeOs)	Jennifer Kuzma	2013	Korslund, K., Stephenson, S., Victor, A., Laird, A.,and J. Kuzma. (2013) Consumer Knowledge of Genetically Engineered Organisms (GeOs). Journal of Science Policy and Governance 3(1): 1-39.				<h4><a href="https://issuu.com/jofspg/docs/consumer_knowledge_of_genetically_e" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Consumer Knowledge of Genetically Engineered Organisms (GeOs)</a></h4>
Envisioning Future Governance of the Bioeconomy	Jennifer Kuzma	2013	Kuzma, J. (2013). "Envisioning Future Governance of the Bioeconomy" The Environmental Forum 30(3): 49. Pp 66-75. ISBN: 978-0-9803882-4-0				<h4><a href="https://www.eli.org/the-environmental-forum/responses-white-houses-groundbreaking-report-emerging-bioeconomy-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Envisioning Future Governance of the Bioeconomy</a></h4>
Should Citizens Have a Say About Emerging Technologies?	Jennifer Kuzma	2013	Kuzma, J. Should Citizens Have a Say About Emerging Technologies? (2013) Scholar"s Strategy Network, Policy Brief. Available at http://www.Scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/should-citizens-have-say-about-emerging-technologies				<h4><a href="http://www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/should-citizens-have-say-about-emerging-technologies" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Should Citizens Have a Say About Emerging Technologies?</A></h4>
Examining the Oversight Challenges of Plant TagMo	Jennifer Kuzma	2013	Korslund, K., Victor, A., Brown, J., and J. Kuzma. (2013) Examining the Oversight Challenges of Plant TagMo.: Workshop Report. U of MN, https://sites.Google.com/a/umn.edu/igets/				<h4><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0b7ghbtmzicwiwxrvvdvvofr5oun4rejwzlnwyv9oswfsz1bf/edit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Examining the Oversight Challenges of Plant TagMo</a></h4>
Social Robotics and Governance Challenges	Jennifer Kuzma	2013	Victor, A. Fatehi, L, and J. Kuzma. Social Robotics and Governance Challenges. Workshop Report. (2013) Published by U of MN Initiative on Governance and Emerging Technological Systems. Www.Igets.Umn.edu				<h4>Social Robotics and Governance Challenges</h4>
Field Cage Studies and Progressive Evaluation of Genetically- Engineered Mosquitoes	Fred Gould	2013	Facchinelli, L., L. Valerio, J.M. Ramsey, F. Gould, R. K. Walsh, G. Bond, M. A. Robert, A. L. Lloyd, A. A. James, L. Alphey, and T. W. Scott. 2013. Field Cage Studies and Progressive Evaluation of Genetically- Engineered Mosquitoes. PLoS NTD. 7(1): E2001. doi:10.1371/Journal.Pntd.0002001				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0002001" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Field Cage Studies and Progressive Evaluation of Genetically- Engineered Mosquitoes</a></h4>
The Importance of Mosquito Behavioural Adaptations to Malaria Control in Africa	Fred Gould	2013	Gatton, M.L., N. Chitnis, T. Churcher, M. J. Donnelly, A. C . Ghani, H. C. J. Godfray, F. Gould, I. Hastings, J. Marshall, H. Ranson, M. Rowland, J. Shaman, S. W. Lindsay. 2013. The Importance of Mosquito Behavioural Adaptations to Malaria Control in Africa. Evolution. 67:1218-1230.				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/evo.12063/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Importance of Mosquito Behavioural Adaptations to Malaria Control in Africa</a></h4>
Assessing the Impact of Direct and Delayed Density Dependence in Natural Larval Populations of Aedes aeygpti	Fred Gould	2013	Walsh, R.K. , C.L. Aguilar, L. Facchinelli, L. Valerio, J.M. Ramsey, T.W. Scott, A. L. Lloyd and F. Gould. 2013. Assessing the Impact of Direct and Delayed Density Dependence in Natural Larval Populations of Aedes aeygpti. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89:68-77.				<h4><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3748491/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Assessing the Impact of Direct and Delayed Density Dependence in Natural Larval Populations of Aedes aeygpti</a></h4>
One quantitative trait locus for intra- and interspecific variation in a sex pheromone	Fred Gould	2013	Groot, A. T., H. Staudacher, A. Barthel, O. Inglis, G. Schofl, R. G. Santangelo, S. Gebauer-Jung, H. Vogel, J. Emerson, C. Schal, D. G. Heckel, F. Gould. 2013. One quantitative trait locus for intra- and interspecific variation in a sex pheromone Molecular Ecology. 22:1065-1080 DOI: 10.1111/Mec.12171				<h4><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.12171/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">One quantitative trait locus for intra- and interspecific variation in a sex pheromone</a></h4>
Reduce and replace strategy for suppressing vector-borne diseases: Insights from a deterministic model	Fred Gould	2013	Robert, M. A., K. Okamoto, A. L. Lloyd, F. Gould. 2013. Reduce and replace strategy for suppressing vector-borne diseases: Insights from a deterministic model. PLoS ONE 8(9) e73233. DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0073233.				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0073233" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reduce and replace strategy for suppressing vector-borne diseases: Insights from a deterministic model</a></h4>
Diminishing returns from increased percent Bt cotton: The case of pink bollworm	Fred Gould	2013	Huang, Y., P. Wan, H. N. Zhang, M. S. Huang, Z. H. Li, F. Gould. 2013. Diminishing returns from increased percent Bt cotton: The case of pink bollworm. PLoS ONE 8(7): E68573. DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0068573.				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0068573" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Diminishing returns from increased percent Bt cotton: The case of pink bollworm</a></h4>
Modeling the dynamics of a non-limited and a self-limited gene drive system in structured Aedes aegypti populations	Fred Gould	2013	Legros M, C. Xu, A. Morrison, T. W. Scott, A. L. Lloyd, F. Gould. 2013. Modeling the dynamics of a non-limited and a self-limited gene drive system in structured Aedes aegypti populations. PLoS ONE 8(12): E83354. doi:10.1371/Journal.Pone.0083354				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0083354" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Modeling the dynamics of a non-limited and a self-limited gene drive system in structured Aedes aegypti populations</a></h4>
A reduce and replace strategy for suppressing vector-borne diseases: Insights from a stochastic, spatial model	Fred Gould	2013	Okamoto K. W., M. A. Robert, A. L. Lloyd, F. Gould. 2013. A reduce and replace strategy for suppressing vector- borne diseases: Insights from a stochastic, spatial model. PLoS ONE 8(12): e81860. doi:10.1371/Journal.Pone.0081860				<h4><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0081860" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A reduce and replace strategy for suppressing vector-borne diseases: Insights from a stochastic, spatial model</a></h4>
Specificity of the receptor for the major sex pheromone component in Heliothis virescens	Fred Gould	2013	Vasquez GM, Syed Z, estes PA, Leal WS, Gould F. 2013. Specificity of the receptor for the major sex pheromone component in Heliothis virescens. Journal of Insect Science 13:160. Available online: http://www.Insectscience.org/13.160				<h4><a href="http://www.insectscience.org/13.160" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Specificity of the receptor for the major sex pheromone component in Heliothis virescens</a></h4>
Testing the effect of defaults on the thermostat settings of OECD employees	Zack Brown	2013	Z. S. Brown, N. Johnstone, I. Hascic , L. Vong, F. Barascud (2013). Testing the effect of defaults on the thermostat settings of OECD employees. Energy Economics, 39: 128-134.				<h4><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0140988313000753" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Testing the effect of defaults on the thermostat settings of OECD employees</a></h4>
Insecticide resistance and malaria vector control: The importance of fitness cost mechanisms in determining economically optimal control trajectories	Zack Brown	2013	Z. S. Brown, K. Dickinson, and R. A. Kramer (2013). Insecticide resistance and malaria vector control: The importance of fitness cost mechanisms in determining Economically optimal control trajectories. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(1): 366-374.				<h4><a href="http://jee.oxfordjournals.org/content/106/1/366.abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Insecticide resistance and malaria vector control: The importance of fitness cost mechanisms in determining economically optimal control trajectories</a></h4>
Greening Household Behaviour: Overview from the 2011 Survey	Zack Brown	2013	Y. Serret, Z. S. Brown, N. Johnstone (2013). Greening Household Behaviour: Overview from the 2011 Survey. OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour, OECD Publishing. [Edited book, authored three chapters.]				<h4><a href="https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/79-en.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Greening Household Behaviour: Overview from the 2011 Survey</a></h4>
Background information on the assessment of alternatives to DDT	Zack Brown	2013	Z. S. Brown (2013). Background information on the assessment of alternatives to DDT. Technical report for the Stockholm Convention Secretariat. UNeP/POPS/POPRC.7/INF/19				<h4><a href="http://chm.pops.int/theconvention/popsreviewcommittee/meetings/poprc7/poprc7documents/tabid/2267/ctl/download/mid/7443/default.aspx?id=23&objid=12892" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Background information on the assessment of alternatives to DDT</a></h4>
More than the Sum of their Parts: Valuing Environmental Quality by Combining Life Satisfaction Surveys and GIS Data	Zack Brown	2013	J. Silva, Z. S. Brown (2013). More than the Sum of their Parts: Valuing Environmental Quality by Combining Life Satisfaction Surveys and GIS Data. OECD Statistics Working Papers, 2013/1, OECD Publishing.				<h4><a href="http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/more-than-the-sum-of-their-parts-valuing-environmental-quality-by-combining-life-satisfaction-surveys-and-gis-data_5k4840hfpwkb-en" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">More than the Sum of their Parts: Valuing Environmental Quality by Combining Life Satisfaction Surveys and GIS Data</a></h4>
Policy Pathways, Policy Networks, and Citizen Deliberation: Disseminating the Results of World Wide Views on Global Warming in the United States	Jason Delborne	2013	Delborne, Jason, Schneider, Jen, Bal, Ravtosh , Cozzens, Susan, and Worthington, Richard. (2013) "Policy Pathways, Policy Networks, and Citizen Deliberation: Disseminating the Results of World Wide Views on Global Warming in the United States." Science and Public Policy 40 (3): 378-92. doi: 10.1093/Scipol/scs124.				<h4><a href="https://academic.oup.com/spp/article-abstract/40/3/378/1633453" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Policy Pathways, Policy Networks, and Citizen Deliberation: Disseminating the Results of World Wide Views on Global Warming in the United States</a></h4>
Information beyond the forum: Motivations, strategies, and impacts of citizen participants seeking information during a consensus conference	Jason Delborne	2013	Anderson, Ashley A., Delborne, Jason, & Kleinman, Daniel Lee. (2013) Information beyond the forum: Motivations, strategies, and impacts of citizen participants seeking information during a consensus conference. Public Understanding of Science, 22(8), 955-970. doi:10.1177/0963662512447173				<h4><a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0963662512447173" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Information beyond the forum: Motivations, strategies, and impacts of citizen participants seeking information during a consensus conference</a></h4>
Converging Technologies for a Smarter Health and Wellness Future	Todd Kuiken	2013	Kuiken, T. 2013. Converging Technologies for a Smarter Health and Wellness Future. In OECD ICTs and the Health Sector: Towards Smarter Health and Wellness Models. OECD Publishing. Pp 159-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264202863-En				<h4><a href="http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/icts-and-the-health-sector/converging-technologies-for-a-smarter-health-and-wellness-future_9789264202863-12-en" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Converging Technologies for a Smarter Health and Wellness Future</a></h4>
Report: Seven Myths and Realities about Do-It-Yourself Biology	Todd Kuiken	2013	Grushkin, D. Kuiken, T., Millet, P. 2013. Report: Seven Myths and Realities about Do-It-Yourself Biology. Synthetic Biology Project/Woodrow Wilson Center.				<h4><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/seven-myths-and-realities-about-do-it-yourself-biology-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Report: Seven Myths and Realities about Do-It-Yourself Biology</a></h4>
Policy Innovation in Synthetic Biology Governance	Jennifer Kuzma	2012	L. Fatehi and Kuzma, J. (2012) "Policy Innovation in Synthetic Biology Governance" 21st Century Borders/Synthetic Biology: Focus on Responsibility & Governance, Institute on Science for Global Policy (ISGP).				<h4><a href="https://www.eli.org/the-environmental-forum/responses-white-houses-groundbreaking-report-emerging-bioeconomy-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Policy Innovation in Synthetic Biology Governance</a></h4>
Genetically Modified Foods: Policy Context and Safety	Jennifer Kuzma	2012	Kuzma, J. and R. Haase. Genetically Modified Foods: Policy Context and Safety. Food Policy Research Center: Policy Brief #1. (2012)				<h4>Genetically Modified Foods: Policy Context and Safety</h4>
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Biosafety Technical Series 02: Summary and Comparative Analysis of Nine National Approaches to Ecological Risk Assessment of Living Modified Organisms in the Context of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, annex III	Jennifer Kuzma	2012	Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Biosafety Technical Series 02: Summary and Comparative Analysis of Nine National Approaches to Ecological Risk Assessment of Living Modified Organisms in the Context of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, annex III. (2012) Shelby Flint, Thelma Heidel, Scott Loss, Jacob Osborne, Kristina PreScott, David Smith. Jennifer Kuzma and Dave andow, faculty advisers. Available at http://bch.Cbd.Int/database/record.Shtml?Documentid 103869. Peer reviewed				<h4><a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/bch.webfiles/8530/560d/e7376297f9a05ca2e64fd04c?awsaccesskeyid=akiai7fakftlbeqgaw3q&expires=1513280858&response-content-disposition=inline; filename="cpb-ts-02-en.pdf"&response-content-type=application/pdf&signature=01g5unbhugvg9iowq7a4hgqkjhm=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Biosafety Technical Series 02: Summary and Comparative Analysis of Nine National Approaches to Ecological Risk Assessment of Living Modified Organisms in the Context of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, annex III</a></h4>

Research Publications

2012—Present

Assessing the Impacts of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystem Functioning: Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Uptake in Forest and Hyper-Eutrophic Stream

1983—2011

Article

Year

Affiliate(s)