{"id":25460,"date":"2022-06-08T08:53:36","date_gmt":"2022-06-08T12:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.ncsu.edu\/2022\/06\/08\/invasive-insect-that-kills-grapes-could-reach-california-wine-region-by-2027\/"},"modified":"2024-09-07T02:43:11","modified_gmt":"2024-09-07T06:43:11","slug":"invasive-insect-that-kills-grapes-could-reach-california-wine-region-by-2027","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.ncsu.edu\/invasive-insect-that-kills-grapes-could-reach-california-wine-region-by-2027\/","title":{"rendered":"Invasive Insect that Kills Grapes Could Reach California Wine Region by 2027"},"content":{"rendered":"

The spotted lanternfly, an invasive insect that can kill grapevines and damage other crops, has a chance of first reaching the wine-producing counties of California in five years, according to a new analysis<\/a> from North Carolina State University researchers.<\/p>\n

In the study published in Communications Biology<\/em>, researchers used a computer simulation tool to predict the timing of the spread of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula<\/em>, across the United States if efforts to control its spread are stopped. They predicted there is a high probability of the insect spreading to North Carolina by 2027, and a chance of the insect first reaching California\u2019s grape-producing counties that same year.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is a big concern for grape growers; it could lead to billions of dollars of losses in the agricultural sector,\u201d said the study\u2019s lead author Chris Jones, research scholar with the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics<\/a>. \u201cWith this study, we have a baseline that we can use to evaluate the effect of different management strategies.\u201d<\/p>\n

The spotted lanternfly<\/a> is native to Asia. It was first identified in the United States in Pennsylvania in 2014. Since then, it has spread to at least 11 other states. The invasive insect can damage or destroy commercially valuable crops<\/a> such as grapes, apples, almonds, walnuts, cherries, hops, and peaches, as well as certain trees. It kills plants by directly feeding on them, and can also damage them by leaving behind a residue known as \u201choneydew\u201d that helps mold grow. California, which produces 82% of the nation\u2019s grapes, has been identified along with Washington state as a \u201chighly suitable\u201d climate for the spotted lanternfly.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s hard to say in advance exactly what the spotted lanternfly\u2019s impact will be on the grape-producing regions of the West Coast, since we only have data from cold-producing regions,\u201d Jones said. \u201cIn Pennsylvania, we\u2019ve seen vineyard losses from the double whammy of cold and from spotted lanternflies feeding on the vines. But we do know producers can also experience losses because of the mold growth alone.\u201d<\/p>\n

To predict the insect\u2019s spread, researchers used a computer simulation tool known as \u201cPoPS,\u201d or the Pest or Pathogen Spread forecasting system, which they have developed to track any type of pest or disease. Their system combines information on climate conditions suitable for spread of the pest with data on where cases have been recorded, the reproductive rate of the pest and how it moves in the environment. New data helps their forecasting system get better at predicting future spread.<\/p>\n

To track spotted lanternfly, researchers used observations gathered by state and federal agriculture and pest experts between 2015 and 2019. They considered railroad networks to be a \u201chigh risk\u201d pathway for the spotted lanternfly to spread to the West Coast, as it is a hitchhiking pest that can lay its eggs on many different surfaces, including vehicles. People can accidentally move the insect when they transport shipping material, stone, railroad cars, or even vehicles where the insect has laid its eggs.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe main reason we included proximity to the railroad network in our model is because it is highly correlated with long-distance dispersal,\u201d Jones said.<\/p>\n

In addition to accounting for proximity to a rail line in the insect\u2019s spread, researchers also assumed that the insect requires the presence of the invasive host tree \u2013 the tree of heaven or Ailanthus altissima<\/em> \u2013 for most of the insect\u2019s reproduction. The researchers said the tree often grows along highways and rail lines.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe assumed that the spotted lanternfly needs tree of heaven to complete its life cycle,\u201d Jones said. \u201cThe presence of tree of heaven, along with rail networks, seem to be two factors that could drive spread to California. The temperature there is relatively suitable across the state.\u201d<\/p>\n

Researchers expect the spotted lanternfly will be established throughout much of the United States by 2037 if all efforts to control it are stopped.<\/p>\n

In California, the researchers said the insect has a low probability of first reaching the grape-producing counties by 2027, and a high probability by 2033. They expect it will likely spread through the grape-producing region by 2034.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen we say there is a \u2018high\u2019 probability of reaching those counties, we mean there are multiple counties that have a probability of more than 50%,\u201d Jones said.<\/p>\n

They predicted there would be a high probability of the insect spreading in North Carolina by 2027. The spotted lanternfly has already been identified in Virginia, and North Carolina forestry experts are tracking it closely. Researchers said they are working to raise awareness among growers here.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re conducting risk assessments and developing accompanying maps right now to raise awareness among the North Carolina growers and other managers to help them prioritize management strategies,\u201d said study co-author Ross Meentemeyer<\/a>, Goodnight Distinguished Professor of Geospatial Analytics at NC State.<\/p>\n

Researchers said their findings could help state and federal officials working to protect U.S. crops like grapes, an industry valued at approximately $6.5 billion nationwide. Their findings provide a baseline for comparison for their management strategies. In addition, officials can use their computer modeling system to test the outcome of different management strategies.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe hope this helps pest managers prepare,\u201d Jones said. \u201cIf they can start early surveillance, or start treating as soon as the spotted lanternfly arrives, it could slow the spread to other areas. They could also pre-emptively remove tree of heaven around vineyards.\u201d<\/p>\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n

Note to editors<\/strong>: The abstract follows.<\/p>\n

\u201cSpotted lanternfly predicted to establish in California by 2033 without <\/strong>controlled management<\/strong>     \u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Authors<\/em>: Chris Jones, Megan M. Skrip, Benjamin J. Seliger, Shannon Jones, Tewodros Wakie, Yu Takeuchi, Vaclav Petras, Anna Petrasova and Ross K. Meentemeyer.<\/p>\n

Published<\/em> online in Communications Biology<\/em> on June 8, 2022.<\/p>\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.1038\/s42003-022-03447-0<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>: Models that are both spatially and temporally dynamic are needed to forecast where and when non-native pests and pathogens are likely to spread, to provide advance information for natural resource managers. The potential US range of the invasive spotted lanternfly (SLF, Lycorma delicatula<\/em>) has been modeled, but until now, when it could reach the West Coast\u2019s multi-billion-dollar fruit industry has been unknown. We used process-based modeling to forecast the spread of SLF assuming no treatments to control populations occur. We found that SLF has a low probability of first reaching the grape-producing counties of California by 2027 and a high probability by 2033. Our study demonstrates the importance of spatio-temporal modeling for predicting the spread of invasive species to serve as an early alert for growers and other decision makers to prepare for impending risks of SLF invasion. It also provides a baseline for comparing future control options.<\/p>\n

This post was originally published<\/a> in NC State News.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false,"raw":"

The spotted lanternfly, an invasive insect that can kill grapevines and damage other crops, has a chance of first reaching the wine-producing counties of California in five years, according to a new analysis<\/a> from North Carolina State University researchers.<\/p>\n\n

In the study published in Communications Biology<\/em>, researchers used a computer simulation tool to predict the timing of the spread of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula<\/em>, across the United States if efforts to control its spread are stopped. They predicted there is a high probability of the insect spreading to North Carolina by 2027, and a chance of the insect first reaching California\u2019s grape-producing counties that same year.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cThis is a big concern for grape growers; it could lead to billions of dollars of losses in the agricultural sector,\u201d said the study\u2019s lead author Chris Jones, research scholar with the NC State Center for Geospatial Analytics<\/a>. \u201cWith this study, we have a baseline that we can use to evaluate the effect of different management strategies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

The spotted lanternfly<\/a> is native to Asia. It was first identified in the United States in Pennsylvania in 2014. Since then, it has spread to at least 11 other states. The invasive insect can damage or destroy commercially valuable crops<\/a> such as grapes, apples, almonds, walnuts, cherries, hops, and peaches, as well as certain trees. It kills plants by directly feeding on them, and can also damage them by leaving behind a residue known as \u201choneydew\u201d that helps mold grow. California, which produces 82% of the nation\u2019s grapes, has been identified along with Washington state as a \u201chighly suitable\u201d climate for the spotted lanternfly.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s hard to say in advance exactly what the spotted lanternfly\u2019s impact will be on the grape-producing regions of the West Coast, since we only have data from cold-producing regions,\u201d Jones said. \u201cIn Pennsylvania, we\u2019ve seen vineyard losses from the double whammy of cold and from spotted lanternflies feeding on the vines. But we do know producers can also experience losses because of the mold growth alone.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

To predict the insect\u2019s spread, researchers used a computer simulation tool known as \u201cPoPS,\u201d or the Pest or Pathogen Spread forecasting system, which they have developed to track any type of pest or disease. Their system combines information on climate conditions suitable for spread of the pest with data on where cases have been recorded, the reproductive rate of the pest and how it moves in the environment. New data helps their forecasting system get better at predicting future spread.<\/p>\n\n

To track spotted lanternfly, researchers used observations gathered by state and federal agriculture and pest experts between 2015 and 2019. They considered railroad networks to be a \u201chigh risk\u201d pathway for the spotted lanternfly to spread to the West Coast, as it is a hitchhiking pest that can lay its eggs on many different surfaces, including vehicles. People can accidentally move the insect when they transport shipping material, stone, railroad cars, or even vehicles where the insect has laid its eggs.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cThe main reason we included proximity to the railroad network in our model is because it is highly correlated with long-distance dispersal,\u201d Jones said.<\/p>\n\n

In addition to accounting for proximity to a rail line in the insect\u2019s spread, researchers also assumed that the insect requires the presence of the invasive host tree \u2013 the tree of heaven or Ailanthus altissima<\/em> \u2013 for most of the insect\u2019s reproduction. The researchers said the tree often grows along highways and rail lines.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cWe assumed that the spotted lanternfly needs tree of heaven to complete its life cycle,\u201d Jones said. \u201cThe presence of tree of heaven, along with rail networks, seem to be two factors that could drive spread to California. The temperature there is relatively suitable across the state.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Researchers expect the spotted lanternfly will be established throughout much of the United States by 2037 if all efforts to control it are stopped.<\/p>\n\n

In California, the researchers said the insect has a low probability of first reaching the grape-producing counties by 2027, and a high probability by 2033. They expect it will likely spread through the grape-producing region by 2034.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cWhen we say there is a \u2018high\u2019 probability of reaching those counties, we mean there are multiple counties that have a probability of more than 50%,\u201d Jones said.<\/p>\n\n

They predicted there would be a high probability of the insect spreading in North Carolina by 2027. The spotted lanternfly has already been identified in Virginia, and North Carolina forestry experts are tracking it closely. Researchers said they are working to raise awareness among growers here.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re conducting risk assessments and developing accompanying maps right now to raise awareness among the North Carolina growers and other managers to help them prioritize management strategies,\u201d said study co-author Ross Meentemeyer<\/a>, Goodnight Distinguished Professor of Geospatial Analytics at NC State.<\/p>\n\n

Researchers said their findings could help state and federal officials working to protect U.S. crops like grapes, an industry valued at approximately $6.5 billion nationwide. Their findings provide a baseline for comparison for their management strategies. In addition, officials can use their computer modeling system to test the outcome of different management strategies.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cWe hope this helps pest managers prepare,\u201d Jones said. \u201cIf they can start early surveillance, or start treating as soon as the spotted lanternfly arrives, it could slow the spread to other areas. They could also pre-emptively remove tree of heaven around vineyards.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

-oleniacz-<\/p>\n\n

Note to editors<\/strong>: The abstract follows.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cSpotted lanternfly predicted to establish in California by 2033 without <\/strong>controlled management<\/strong>     \u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Authors<\/em>: Chris Jones, Megan M. Skrip, Benjamin J. Seliger, Shannon Jones, Tewodros Wakie, Yu Takeuchi, Vaclav Petras, Anna Petrasova and Ross K. Meentemeyer.<\/p>\n\n

Published<\/em> online in Communications Biology<\/em> on June 8, 2022.<\/p>\n\n

DOI<\/em>: 10.1038\/s42003-022-03447-0<\/p>\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>: Models that are both spatially and temporally dynamic are needed to forecast where and when non-native pests and pathogens are likely to spread, to provide advance information for natural resource managers. The potential US range of the invasive spotted lanternfly (SLF, Lycorma delicatula<\/em>) has been modeled, but until now, when it could reach the West Coast\u2019s multi-billion-dollar fruit industry has been unknown. We used process-based modeling to forecast the spread of SLF assuming no treatments to control populations occur. We found that SLF has a low probability of first reaching the grape-producing counties of California by 2027 and a high probability by 2033. Our study demonstrates the importance of spatio-temporal modeling for predicting the spread of invasive species to serve as an early alert for growers and other decision makers to prepare for impending risks of SLF invasion. It also provides a baseline for comparing future control options.<\/p>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An NC State study predicts the spotted lanternfly has a low probability of first reaching the grape-producing counties of California by 2027, and a high probability by 2033.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":173,"featured_media":25462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"source":"ncstate_wire","ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","ncst_content_audit_display":false,"ncst_backToTopFlag":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[101],"_ncst_magazine_issue":[],"class_list":["post-25460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-_from-newswire-collection-81"],"displayCategory":null,"acf":{"ncst_posts_meta_modified_date":null},"yoast_head":"\nInvasive Insect 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